Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Unit 4 Variation and classification (4.3 Investigating variation (using…
Unit 4 Variation and classification
4.1 What is a species
4.2 variation in a species
patterns of variation can be measured uing frequency diagram
4.3 Investigating variation
using mean
range and pattern of variation can be illustrated using frequency diagram
mode is most common value
range - spread of numbers fro smallest to largest
median - middle value
4.4 Investigating variation
ANIMAL
kingdom
4.6 classifying invertebrates
animals
WITHOUT
backbone
Annelids
Some are parasites, feeding on their victims and cause serious diseases
The aquatic breathe through gills and terrestrial have cutaneous respiration
elongated, soft body and cylindrical
most common example - earthworm
body is made up of rings, which help them to move and dig tunnels
Arthropods => invertebrates with hard cover
Arachnids
5 more items...
Insects
5 more items...
Crustaceans
5 more items...
Myriapods
6 more items...
others not in textbook
echinoderms, cnidarians, porifera,
Molluscs
second most numerous group of invertebrates.
bodies are soft and some have shell. ●
oviparous
classified into three groups: gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods
breathe through lungs or gills
most numerous
common characterisitics
no bones/ spinal column
Some insects have skeleton, but it is external,
oviparous
4.5 classifying vertebrates
WITH
backbone/ vertebral column
5 groups/ classes
2 more items...
Birds
5 more items...
Reptiles
Physical characteristics
2 more items...
Movement
1 more item...
Habitat
1 more item...
Reproduction
2 more items...
dinosaurs
lizard, cobra, turtles/ sea turtles, crocodile/ alligator
Respiration
1 more item...
Amphibians
frogs, toads, newts salamanders
Habitat
adults live on land
Respiration
can breathe using lungs/ skin
Movement
4 limbs and maybe tail
Reproduction
young are called tadpoles => develop in water using gills and tail to swim ==> leave water as adults and live on land
oviparous - lay eggs in
water
Physical characteristics
can walk on land or swim
bare, smooth skin without scales
Fish
Movement
different types of fins
Physical characteristics
skin covered in scales
Respiration
breathe using gills
Reproduction
fish do not incubate eggs
independent animals from birth
oviparous - lay eggs in water - with no protective covering
Habitat
aquatic - can live in fresh / salt water
MNEMONIC -
Few Aunties Really Buy Meat
shared features
The body of vertebrate animals is usually divided into head, trunk and extremities.
have an internal skeleton made of bones that revolve around a spinal column.
Some vertebrates are oviparous or viviparous
Their extremities can be in the form of legs, wings or fins.
PLANT kingdom
4.4 Classifying plants - classified according to tissue structure (vascular or non vasuclar)=> reproductive characteristics ==> seed structure
4 major groups
Ferns
Physical characteristics
larger than mosses
larger ones called tree ferns
leaves called fronds
VASCULAR + SPORE BEARING
Habitat
Shady places
Reproduction
do not produce flowers
reproduce by way of spores => grow on the back of fronds
Conifers - GYMNOSPERMS
Physical characteristics
grow into large trees
tough narrow leaves called needles
Reproduction
no proper flowers
using seeds => produced inside cones
Habitat
???
VASCULAR + NAKED SEED BEARING
Mosses ( + liverworts)
Physical characteristics
very small plants
thin leaves that dry out easily
Habitat
damp shady places
Reproduction
do not produce flowers
use spores
NON VASCULAR
Flowering plants - ANGIOSPERMS
Habitat
???
reproduce using seeds => produced inside flowers
Physical characteristics
VASCULAR + COVERED SEED BEARING
vascular: plants that use roots and stems to take in water and nutrients (refer to lesson 1 in Unit 3)
non-vascular: plants that don’t use roots and stems
angiosperms: also known as flowering plants; all have seeds that are protected by an ovule (think of an apple or other fruit).
gymnosperms: a term meaning “naked seed;” refers to plants with seeds that aren’t protected by an ovule. Examples are conifers, which have pinecones.
grasses: plants that have slender leaves and reproduce by sending out underground stems called rhizomes that usually grow horizontally
herbaceous plants: those with leaves and stems that die at the end of the growing season
woody shrubs: plants that have stems that are covered by a layer of bark
trees: woody shrubs that have a main trunk and many branches
Classification of living things - 5 kingdoms
FUNGI
BACTERIA
PLANTS
PROTISTS
ANIMALS
arthropods
exoskeleteon
There are : The two main kingdoms we think about are plants and animals. Scientists also list four other kingdoms including bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
seven major levels of classification
(Domain)
Kingdom (or subkingdoms)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
1 more item...
MNEMONIC
King Philip Came Over For Good Soup
oviparous
- producing young by means of eggs which are hatched after they have been laid by the parent, as in birds.
viviparous
- (of an animal) bringing forth live young which have developed inside the body of the parent.
species
- group of organisms with similar features, that can breed and produce fertile offspring
hybrids
- organism produced when 2 organisms belonging to different species breed together
variation
- differences between the individuals belonging to the same
species
classification from Kingdom broken down until species at the lowest level
dichotomous classification - a biological tool for identification of unknown organisms. A single characteristic is considered at a time. Two contrasting statements are put forward to describe the characteristics in such a way as to separate the organisms.
nine most common phyla -- Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Chordata ==> Prince Charles Plays Needless Music And Always Eats Cucumbers.
MAA
