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Space Stuff (Measuring the Size of the Universe (Three Ways We Measure…

- - - - It takes 8 minutes for sunlight to reach us
        
        ...which means that if the sun blew up we wouldn't see that for 8 minutes
  - - - The compass direction of something
        
        With due north as 0 degrees and going clockwise, the azimuth will tell you which direction to point
    - - The highest point directly over head
        
        The sun is at its zenith at noon
    - - How high in the sky you are
  - - - The longest (summer) and shortest (winter) days of the year
    - - Days where the amount of sunlight and darkness are equal
      - Happens on the first day of spring and fall
- - - - Made up of ice and rock
  - - - Also known as shooting stars
  - - - Ursa major, for example, is a constellation
    - - The big dipper, for example, is an asterism that is inside the constellation Ursa major
- - - - Rocky planets
      - Closer to the sun
      - Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury
    - - Farther from the sun
      - Gaseous planets
      - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
- - - - Protostar
        
        Main sequence
        
        The "prime" of a star's life
        
        Red giant
        
        When the hydrogen in the core has been used up the stable-state star shrinks in size, heating the helium core so that it first starts fusing to carbon, then to other elements
        
        White dwarf
        
        Nuclear fusion ends when the core temperature in the star is no longer hot enough to keep the reaction going
        
        Black dwarf
        
        Eventually the star will fade completely until it evolves into a cold, dark star
        
        Hydrogen is still being converted to helium by nuclear fusion
        
        It becomes large, hot and pressurized enough for the hydrogen to fuse into helium
      - Swirling spiral of space dust
      - Mostly made up of hydrogen
  - - - Mostly made of hydrogen
      - Swirling spiral of space dust
      - Protostar
        
        Main sequence
        
        The "prime" of a star's life
        
        Hydrogen is still being converted to helium by nuclear fusion
        
        Red supergiant
        
        When the hydrogen in the core has been used up the stable-state star shrinks in size, heating the helium core so that it first starts fusing to carbon, then to other elements
        
        Supernova
        
        Catastrophic explosion
        
        (Very pretty though)
        
        Black hole
        
        A region of space where gravity is so strong that light can't escape
        
        Neutron star
        
        A very small, rotating disc about ~30 km
        
        It becomes large, hot and pressurized enough for the hydrogen to fuse into helium