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Earth Science (Atmosphere (Gases (Trace elements (Neon, helium, methane,…

- - - - Neon, helium, methane, krypton and more
  - - - Plants use CO2
    - - Uses oxygen to create sugar into energy
  - - - Air pressure and density are lower in warm air
  - - - Strong winds, coldest layer
    - - Absorbs UV rays, ionosphere helps with HAM radio
    - - Contains ozone layer
    - - Protects from space rocks and solar winds
    - - All weather occurs here
  - - - Rotation of the Earth causes rotating wind or water to go to the right in the north and left in the south
  - - - Warm air moves up on a cold front
    - - Warm and cold fronts moving towards eachother
    - - Warm and cold fronts stay in the same place
    - - cold air pushes warm air up
- - - - 2% locked in glaciers, ice caps and groundwater
      - 1% usable
        
        Rivers
        
        Wetlands
        
        Atmosphere
        
        Lakes
  - - - Meanders
        
        Curve or bend in a river/stream
      - Floodplain
        
        Flat area around the stream that floods
      - Headwaters
        
        Source of the river, smaller streams
      - Base level
        
        Lowest level water can flow
      - Estuary
        
        River meets the ocean
        
        combines fresh and salt water
      - Divide
        
        Separation of water basins
        
        Continental divide - larger divide
      - Mouth
        
        Widens and flows into another body of water
    - - Confluence
        
        Combining of rivers
      - Large stream
      - Tributary
        
        Smaller of 2 rivers in a confluence
  - - - Dark
    - - Really dark
    - - Some light, darker
    - - Found in trenches
    - - Sun reaches here
- - - - Average Star
        
        Average sized, ex. Sun
        
        Red Giant
        
        Planetary nebula
        
        White dwarf
        
        Small star
        
        Cloud of dust and gas
        
        Gets bigger after it runs out of hydrogen
      - Massive Star
        
        Super Red Giant
        
        Supernova
        
        Explosion from star
        
        Neutron Star
        
        Very densely packed neutrons
        
        Black hole
        
        So dense light can't escape
        
        Massiver massive star after it runs out of hydrogen
        
        Big Star
      - Becomes a star
  - - - Oval shaped, looks smooth
    - - Jumble, possibly from colliding galaxies
    - - Everything circles around a certain
- - - - Identical rocks on both sides
      - Mountain ranges
      - Continents look like puzzle pieces
      - Grooves and rock deposits from glaciers on both sides
      - Same types of fossils on different sides of the ocean
      - Coral reefs where they don't belong
    - - Harold Hess developed hypothesis of seafloor spreading
        
        New rock being made at mid-oceanic ridges and being crushed at the continents
  - - - Transition from ocean to land
  - - - Oldest rocks are at the continents, newest at mid-oceanic ridges
  - - - Divergent
        
        Moving away
      - Transform
        
        Moving sideways to eachother
      - Convergent
        
        Moving together
    - - Activity not at a boundary
        
        Hotspot examples
        
        Yellowstone Volcano
        
        Hawaiian Chain
- - - - Use it to know your direction
    - - Distance East or West of the Prime Meridian
        
        Prime Meridian goes over Greenwich, England
    - - Distance North of the Equator
  - - - Shows elevation of different structures using contour lines
        
        Contour lines are lines between areas of equal elevations
    - - Shows elevations below sea level
    - - Show geologic including types of rocks
  - - - Telescopes
        
        Optical
        
        Reflecting
        
        Refracting
        
        Radio
        
        Space
      - Rockets
      - Sattelites
      - Space Shuttles
      - Space Stations
    - - Remote Sampling
        
        Sediment at ocean floor
      - ROV
        
        Remotely operated vehicle
      - Echo sounder
        
        Shows depths of ocean using sound
- - - - Naturally occuring
      - Inorganic
      - Crystalline
      - Specific chemical composition
      - Solid
    - - Streak
        
        Color of mineral powder
      - Luster
        
        Shininess
      - Color
      - Density
      - Cleavage
        
        Tendency to break on planes of weakness
      - Fracture
        
        Pattern in which the mineral breaks
      - Hardness
        
        What does it scratch and what scratches it?
    - - Magma
        
        Cools slowly inside the Earth
        
        Large crystals
        
        Heated and changed
        
        Metamorphism
        
        Cools fast on Earth's surface
        
        Small crystals
      - Solutions
        
        Minerals from hot underground water
        
        Minerals under pressure undergo change
        
        Minerals from salt water
  - - - Igneous
      - Metamorphic
      - Sedimentary
    - - Texture
      - Some aren't made of minerals
      - Minerals in the Rock