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PRIMATES (PROSIMII (Prosimians) (Super-family: LORISOIDEA (Family:…
PRIMATES
PROSIMII (Prosimians)
Super-family: LORISOIDEA
Family: Lorisidae
- singular - loris / plural - lorises
- slow -> avoid detection by predators
- nocturnal
- eg. Slow loris (SE Asia) - 400g
Slender loris (S India) - 200g
Family: Galagidae
- singular - galago / plural - galagos
- continental Africa
- long bushy tails, large ear pinna
- nocturnal
- Leapers -> very active
- diet: fruit, gum, animal
-
ANTHROPOIDEA
Infra-order: PLATYRRHINI
Super-family: CEBOIDEA
(New World Monkeys)
- ONLY ceboidea have prehensile tails
Family: CEBIDAE
- diverse family, 5 subfamilies
- 2133 / 2133
- all nails, many w prehensile tail
- diurnal
- leaves, fruit, animal matter
- Social conventions (traditions)
- Tool use
Family: CALLITRICHIDAE
- 5-10 in family group, all <1kg
- 2132 / 2132
- claw-like nails (except 1st toe)
- Quadrupedal
- diurnal
- leaves, fruit. gum, animal
- most twin
Infra-order: CATARRHINI
- *narrow noses
- 2123 / 2123
- Bilophodonty molars
- Ischial Callosities near tail
- tail NEVER prehensile
- wide variety of habitats
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-
- Earliest primate group (before monkeys) - 55+ MYA
- More reliance on olfaction
- long snout (most primitive primates)
- moist, fleshy pad at end of nose
- use scent marking
- 'spilt' upper lip
- Dentition
- dental comb - grooming + feeding
- unfused mandible
dental formula - 2133/2133
- Post-orbital Bar, not plate
- Many nocturnal
- Tapetum lucid = reflective layer in eye -> max. use of light
- Quadrupedal (hands + feet) + mostly Arboreal (lives in trees)
- Africa & SE Asia
- 2133/2133
- Quadrupedal climbers
- Nocturnal, Arboreal, Solitary -> leave their dependent offspring in nests
- Madagascar
- diverse taxon
- most Nocturnal + Arboreal
- some torpor - lower the body temp at metabolic rate in winter -> decrease energy use = Energy saving strategy
- Female dominant
- Incomplete post-orbital plate (Intermedia trait)
- Nocturnal + Arboreal
- Dental formula - 2133 / 1133 (missing 1 incisor)
- ONLY primate -> 100% animal prey
- grooming claws
- Eyes > Brian
- clinging + leaping
- solitary (except female + youth)
- Single Clade = all form ONE ancestor
- NO grooming claw -> all nails
- NO Tapetum Lucidum
- largely diurnal
- FUSED lower jaw
- short snout / reduced olfactory reliance
- continuous hairy dry upper lip
- Post-orbital PLATE
- larger brain size (compare to prosimians)
- flat noses
- 2133 / 2133
- sideways-facing nostrils
- completely Arboreal
- diurnal