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Clinical Signs and Symptoms (*Home), Urinary System (LUTs (Lower Urinary …
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
*Home
Urinary System
LUTs
(Lower Urinary
Tract Symtoms)
Voiding Symptoms
Storage Symptoms
*Urine Signs
*Frothy Urine
note that frthy urine can be caused by protein in the urine
can be the first sign of something like MCD where you you are losing albumin in the urine
--> get subsequent hypoalbuminemia
--> ankle adema
*Hand Signs
*Hand Signs
*Nail Signs
Koilonychia
Notes
:
Causes
--> Iron deficiency
Leukonychia
Notes
:
Causes
--> Iron deficiency
Paranychia
Notes
:
Causes
--> Iron deficiency
*Digital Clubbing
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases
5 Ts 1,2,3,4,5 including TOF
___Dactyly...
Arachnodactyly = Spider Hands
long and slender fingers and toes in comparison to the palm or arch of the foot
Notes
:
arachnodacytly can be confirmed by two major tests
--> thumb sign
--> 1st / 5th digit wrist sign
arachnodactyly is a common sign for genetic connective tissue disorders like Marfan's Syndrome or Ehler Danlos Syndrome
Syndactyly = fused Hands
syn = same
Terms
:
"dactyly"
= refers to digits (fingers + toes)
*Rash of hands and feet
Rash of hands and feet
this is very important since it only comes from 4 very distinct infections
--> MOST infections and rashes will spare the hands and feet asa general rule
CARS
--> CA = caxsackie A virus (Hand foot and mouth disease)
--> R = Rickettsia
--> S = Syphillis (2nd)
--> S = Staph CAT A = TSS specific
MUSCLES
Muscles
myalgia
muscle pain
common S/E from statins in treating hypercholesteremia
rhabdomyolysis
rapid muscle breakdown that releases muscle contents into the blood
just like it sounds:
--> "rhabdo" = rapid
--> "myo" = myocytes
--> "lysis" = to breakdown
LUNGS / Oral
*LUNGS / Oral
Bacteria vs Viral Infections
green sputum vs yellow vs brown vs clear
myeloperoxidase (Neutrophils) = green sputum
sign of bacterial infection
Consolidation of the lung in CAP
Notes
:
note the green colour of pus and sputum is actually bleach released from neutrophils trying to kill bacteria
think white cells = neutrophils come from bone marrow - making hydrochlorus acid from Chloride and hydrogen peroxide
myeloperoxidase makes green sputum
--> Myelo = bone
--> peroxidase = breaks down hydrogen peroxide
--> makes hydrochlorus acid = bleach
Bacteria vs Viral Infections
green sputum vs yellow vs brown vs clear
myeloperoxidase (Neutrophils) = green sputum
sign of bacterial infection
Notes
:
note the green colour of pus and sputum is actually bleach released from neutrophils trying to kill bacteria
think white cells = neutrophils come from bone marrow - making hydrochlorus acid from Chloride and hydrogen peroxide
myeloperoxidase makes green sputum
--> Myelo = bone
--> peroxidase = breaks down hydrogen peroxide
--> makes hydrochlorus acid = bleach
Consolidation of the lung in CAP
Female Reproductive
System
Pregnancy Terms
Parity (para)
number of successful births after 20 weeks gestation
gravida
gravida is the number of confirmed pregnancies a woman has had
--> regardless of outcome of the pregnancy
--> note then that by definition a woman's gravida is always the same or larger than parity
eg: My mom is a 56 year old woman, gravida 5, para 4 (due to 1 miscarriage)
parturition
parturition is related to "parity"
parturition means giving birth
Dermatology / Skin Exam
Skin Examinations
Examining a Rash
Nail Signs
Examining a Swelling
Fluctuation of the Swelling
this test tells you whether a swelling beneath the skin may be due to a collection of fluid underneath the skin
--> most likely due to a cysts
*Erythema Nodosa
rash on the front of the shins
classic sign of sarcoidosis
CNS
*CNS
*Involuntary movements
Balism vs. Huntington's Chorea
Balism = FLAILING and WIDE amplitude movement of the proximal limbs
--> caused by STN of the BG
Huntington's Chorea
--> caused by caudate of the striatum of BG
*Balism movements
Balism vs. Huntington's Chorea
Balism = FLAILING and WIDE amplitude movement of the proximal limbs
--> caused by STN of the BG
*Huntington's Chorea movements
Balism vs. Huntington's Chorea
Huntington's Chorea
--> caused by caudate of the striatum of BG
*Stroke Related symptoms
aphasias
= can't process or produce language
--> receptive aphasia vs expressive aphasia
hemineglect
= can't process information from one side of vision
--> usually when you have damage to the non-dominant region of the brain
--> so usually have LEFT sided hemineglect since most people have right sided non-dominant
*hemineglect
can't process information from one side of vision
--> usually when you have damage to the non-dominant region of the brain
--> so usually have LEFT sided hemineglect since most people have right sided non-dominant
*Aphasias
divided into higher order APHASIA vs lower order DYSPHASIA (motor problem only)
--> repitition impaired vs NON impaired
higher order APHASIA = 3 main areas of language
--> Wernicke, Broca, Arcute between
Broca and Wernickes Aphasias
--> MCA artery strokes
lower order DYSPHASIA (motor problem only)
--> 2 main higher language areas are spared
Wernicke and Broca Aphasias
Broca and Wernickes Aphasias
--> MCA artery strokes
Wernicke = temporal lobe
Broca = frontal lobe
*Wernicke Aphasias
Broca and Wernickes Aphasias
--> MCA artery strokes
Wernicke = temporal lobe
Broca = frontal lobe
