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Semantics-Structure-II (Read for what？ (Read to understand the structure…

- - - - Narrative以时间为线索
        
        Chronological order
        
        Flashback
        
        Focus on conflict
        
        →Describe main characters and setting
        →Present conflict
        →Relate events that make conflict complex and cause characters to change
        →Present resolution or outcome of conflict
      - Descriptive以空间为线索
        
        Spatial order
        
        top→bottom
        
        left→right
        
        outside→inside
        
        near→far
        
        Order of impression
        
        What first catches your attention;
        
        What you notice next;
        
        What you notice after that;
        
        What you focus on last.
        
        Order of importance
        
        Least important;
        
        More important;
        
        Most important.
      - Persuasive以说理为线索
        
        An issue or claim
        
        Reason (s) or evidence
        
        Conclusion
      - Expository
        
        comparison and contrast
        
        Subject by subject; Point by point
        
        cause and effect
        
        Multiple causes → effect;
        
        Cause → multiple effects;
        
        Causal chain
        
        problem-solution
        
        Simple problem-solution;
        
        Deciding between solutions;
        
        Description of problem and why it needs to be solved
        
        Solution A
        Pros
        Cons
        
        Solution B
        Pros
        Cons
        
        Recommendation
      - Reflective夹叙夹议 (retelling & reflecting)