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KOREAN WAR
(reasons) (External reasons (Developments in USSR (Soviet…
KOREAN WAR
(reasons)
Background to Tensions
Partition of Korea
Potsdam Conference (1945)
- agreed to divide at 38th //
- US south
- USSR north
(1946-1947)
- US & USSR met several times to determine way to administer Korea after WWII
- Agreed to unify under provisional govt
Ideological divide
- reluctant other total dominance for fear of influence spreading
- US and Soviet supported 2 separate K leaders
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Formation of 2 Koreas
South Korea
Republic of Korea (1948)
- backed by US & UN
- Syngman Rhee's rule was authoritarian & intolerant of dissent
- placed harsh laws against political opponents(communists, NK spies), killing & arresting them
- Jeju Massacre(60,000 died)
-
Internal reasons
Korean nationalism
- strong nationalist sentiments after liberation from Japanese rule in 1945
- unification was an immediate& pressing goal
- [NK] Pyongyang and Haeju conferences, 'August underground elections', Koreans Workers party
- [SK] border clashes (1949), Pyongyang conference
- both claimed to be rightful ruler, sought unification under own terms, increased hostility, made possibility of peaceful reunion unlikely,
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External reasons
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Development in China
Communist victory (1949)
- Chinese civil war (KMT vs CCP)
- provided more favorable int climate for USSR
- mutual defence agreement(1949) K soldiers in People's liberation Army of China sent back to NK
Sino-soviet alliance (1950)
- USSR & China promised to come to each other's aid
- USSR cld avoid direct intervention as Mao cld assist NK
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- Soviet was willing to provide aid to NK & support invasion into SK in 1950
- US alliance with Japan also a cause for concern
- American Defense Perimeter exclusion of K made to believe US wld not be involved
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