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KOREAN WAR (reasons) (External reasons (Developments in USSR (Soviet…

- - - - (1946-1947)
        
        US & USSR met several times to determine way to administer Korea after WWII
        
        Agreed to unify under provisional govt
        
        Ideological divide
        
        reluctant other total dominance for fear of influence spreading
        
        US and Soviet supported 2 separate K leaders
      - Soviet Security
        
        aided allies during WWII
  - - - Republic of Korea (1948)
        
        backed by US & UN
        
        Syngman Rhee's rule was authoritarian & intolerant of dissent
        
        placed harsh laws against political opponents(communists, NK spies), killing & arresting them
        
        Jeju Massacre(60,000 died)
    - - Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948)
        
        backed by USSR
        
        Kim II Sung used propaganda extensively, promoting cult of personality
        
        promoted doctrine of self-sufficiency, isolated NK to limit western influence
- - - - both claimed to be rightful ruler, sought unification under own terms, increased hostility, made possibility of peaceful reunion unlikely,
  - - - NK
        - NKPA well-equipped and trained by Soviets
        
        imbalance made worse when USSR & US withdrew in 1948 & 1949
        
        favorable for NK to attack SK, utilise advantage to unify under communist rule
- - - - strategically impt due to close proximity to China & USSR
        
        K wld provide an additional buffer zone
        
        provided platform to spread ideology in Asia-pacific (cold war context)
    - - US cld not use atomic diplomacy as effective threat
        
        USSR cld thus provide support for NK invasion w/o fear of US
        
        unleashed arms race as both sought to extend sphere of influence
  - - - Sino-soviet alliance (1950)
        
        USSR & China promised to come to each other's aid
        
        USSR cld avoid direct intervention as Mao cld assist NK
      - Soviet was willing to provide aid to NK & support invasion into SK in 1950
        
        US alliance with Japan also a cause for concern
        
        American Defense Perimeter exclusion of K made to believe US wld not be involved
  - - - NSC-68
        
        warned of soviet nuclear capabilities which cld be used to attack US
        
        put across view that increase in US military capability only way to contain communism
        
        triple american defense budget
        
        called for US & NATO to respond if USSR acted aggressively
        
        called for globalisation & militarisation of containment policy