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Legal Concepts (Legal Concepts (Common Law & Equity (Rule of Natural…

- - - - Civil and criminal wrongs
        
        Civil and Criminal are different coins
        
        But , If both civil and criminal proceedings can be filed in respect of the same act , then it is civil and criminal wrong
        
        CrPc and Civil procedure ----governing statures
        
        Civil courts - presided by judges ; whereas criminal one's by magistrate courts
        
        DR Shroff case
        
        Classification of Civil Wrongs
        
        Breach of Contract
        
        U can sue
        
        Breach of Trust
        
        "Fiduciary Obligation"
        
        Eg of eg : In Muslims marriage is a contract
        
        Tort
        
        Covers many things
      - Technical sense
    - - Nemo debet esse jedex in propria causa
        
        Personal Bias
        
        Ranjit Thakur V UOI
        
        "Suspended member was himself a member of internal committee set to decide metrics of the case
        
        Pecuniary Bias
        
        J Mohaparta & Co V State of Orrisa
        
        Committee - people - selection - of books - authors - seated.
        
        Official Bias
        
        A lawyer cant be a judge ; reciprocally
        
        Judicial Obstinacy
        
        State of West Bengal V shivananda Pathak
      - Audi alterem partem
        
        R. University of Cambridge
        
        Justice Fortesce - " God did not pass a sentence on Adam without first giving a chance to explain himself
      - Adjudicating authority passing a speaking order