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Population and Migration (Factors affecting population density and…
Population and Migration
DTM
stage 2: populations start to rise due to death rates starting to fall to around 18/19 per 1000 but birth rates remaining high. Death rates can fall due to: medical care improvement e.g 1) vaccinations, scientific improvement, more doctors/new drugs 2) improved sanitation/water supplies 3) improved quality/security of food
Stage 3: Total population rises rapidly, the gap between birth and death rate narrows. Therefore natural increase is high. Death rates = low and steady around 15 per 1000 but birth rates fall quickly to around 18 per 1000.
stage 1: population is low but balanced due to high birth/death rates = underdeveloped birth/death rates are usually around 37/38 per 1000
stage 4: total population is high but growing slowly due to balance between a low birth rate 15 per 1000 and low death rate 12 per 1000. Contraception is widely available and there is a social desire to have smaller families
LEDCs are at stage 2/3 with a growing population+ high natural increase with MEDCs at stage 4 and some stage 5
stage 5: The total population is still high but starts to fall due to birth rates at around 7 per 1000 falling below the death rates at around 9 per 1000. It starts to fall because it is no longer replacing itself and as the population is ageing it will gradually become dominated by older people
The demographic transition model shows population change over time there are five stages to it. As a population passes through the DTM the total population rises
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population pyramids
Population pyramids can also be affected by migration like the UAE was by the large number of men going to work there
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MEDCs Do not have a wide base=lower birth rate and the middle is wider and the top taller than LEDCs due to a lower death rate which creates a higher life expectancy
LEDCs usually have a wide base suggesting there is a high birth rate. But also have a narrow top suggesting high death rates natural increase is low
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Dtm=a model which shows how the population has changed over time. It shows how birth and death rate have influenced the total population of a place and changed over the years
As populations move through the stages of the model the gap between the birth and death rate first widens then narrows
Birth rates can fall due to 1) Increased use of family planning 2) lower infant mortality rates means more children survive so there is less need to have as many babies 3) Increased opportunity for employment in factories mean that fewer people have to work on the land 4) There are more opportunities for women like university and jobs so less time for them to have a large family
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population density is average number of people per square kilometre and is a way of measuring population distribution
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Wide base=lots of young people + high birth rate narrow base=lower proportion of young people and low birth rate wide middle/tall pyramid means there is an ageing population and high life expectancy
emigrate=to leave one's country to live in another migrate=to move immigrate=to come into another country to live their permanently
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Birth rate=
the number of live births per thousand of population per year natural increase= the difference no. births and no. deaths in a period It is calculated by birth rate-death rate
The population explosion was caused by poverty, poor contraception use, immigration, reduced mortality rates and child labour