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Knowledge-based systems and multi-agent environments (Logical agents…
Knowledge-based systems and multi-agent environments
Logical agents
Humans - not just reflex reactions
Reasoning based on internal representations of knowledge
Path finding agents limited
Need a knowledge base
Knowledge Base
Eg. taxi knows route, doesn’t matter how geography of environment is represented
Approaches
Declarative approach = tell it in sentences
Procedural approach = encode in code
Examples
Wumpus
Agent with 1 arrow
Gold treasure
Bottomless pit
Sequence of actions
Multi-agent environments
Convention
Evolution
Conventions can be evolved behaviours
Biological examples
feeding frenzy
honey bee swarm
ants - self-organisation
migration
salmon run
bats in evening
zebra stripes
Flocking behaviours
Craig Reynolds - boids
Each agent makes its own plan
Planning - cooperation and coordination
Communication
Environment
discrete, static, single agent, sequential, partially observable with unknown model
PEAS
Performance measure
Environment
discrete
static
single agent
sequential
partially observable with unknown model
Actuators
Sensors
SMELL
FEEL
SEE
FEEL
HEAR
Emergence
Patterns of behaviour
Individuals follow simple rules
Macro-level phenomenon
Emergent complexity
Steering behaviours
Conway's Game of Life
Elaborate patterns and behaviours can emerge from simple rules
Patterns
Still life
:pen:Eg:beehive, block, boat
Oscillator
:pen:Eg:blinker, toad
Gliders
:pen:Eg:spaceship, Queen Bee
Cellular automata
computer viruses
human diseases
generative music (Eno)
Modelling artificial life
Crowd sourcing
Requesters post HITs (human intelligence tasks),
Providers then complete them for a fee
Collective intelligence
Chorus Vs Siri
Decision-making in everything from bacteria to humans
Neural networks - adaptive systems - natural intelligence, not AI (rule-based learning)
Finding patterns in data