Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Life After Death (Unlimited Election (Lumen Gentium (Vat. II) ('Among…
Life After Death
Unlimited Election
Lumen Gentium (Vat. II)
'Among these are the Muslims, who [...] adore the one and meaningful God'
Anonymous Christianity? - 'Honored with the name Christian [...] though they do not profess the faith in its entirety'
Karl Rahner - Anonymous Christianity - Everyone can be saved as long as they accept the inner anonymous Christian within each person
Augustine - Everyone has a predisposition for righteousness (i.e. everyone has the opportunity to be saved) but many choose to turn against this.
Luther - Bondage of the Will - Only those who truly believe and have faith (sola fide) and live life wholly according to scripture (sola scriptura) are deserving of God's grace (sola gratia).
Joseph Bettis - 'God is good in himself and not because he does nice things (even giving eternal life) for men. God's love does not imply the salvation of any man.'
Richard Swinburne - Weak view of Hell - God-given capacity for moral awareness and choice has left himself as an arena of competing desires. He certainly deserves punishment, and God has a right to punish him.' - God does not send people to Hell, rather they send themselves there through their actions on Earth. Anyone who does not freely and consciously reject God can be saved.
-
Biblical Evidence
Genesis 17 - God's Covenant with Abraham - Abraham's immense age is a symbolic representation that sin has not built up in society as much at that time (i.e. sin leads to a shorter life). It also confirms our personal relationship with God that death i not the end.
Daniel 12 - Promise of Salvation in Babylon - Continuation of the Covenant and also is the first reference to a Day of Judgment
2 Maccabees 7 - Reward for Faithfulness - It is better to die than to sin and to not get into heaven (glorification of martyrdom). Also supports limited election.
Luke 16:19-31 - The Rich Man and Lazarus - Place in heaven determined by the life you lead on Earth. Heaven and Hell are fixed places - once you are in one, you cannot move to the other.
Mark 12 - A Question about Resurrection - Everyone is unifies into one flesh and there are no earthly conventions such as marriage in heaven.
1 Corinthians 15 - Resurrection of the Dead - The body is temporary and the soul is eternal. When we are resurrected, the glory of God is magnified as we have a new physical body to experience it in.
Purgatory
Augustine - 'Some believers shall pass through a kind of purgatorial fire and [...] be less or more delivered from it' (Enchiridion) - Not really clear on whether it actually exists or not rather than accepting its existence
-
Calvin - There is no need for purgatory because God already knows who will and will not be saved. Therefore judgment is instantaneous.
Aquinas - Purgatory will cease to exist after the Second Judgment as there will be no need for it because all of the souls will have been judged.
Limited Election
Augustine - Extra ecclesiam nulla sanctus est - Outside the church there is no salvation. Only fervent Christian can achieve eternal life. The purpose of Christians is to be with God so when we do not fulfill this, we go to Hell.
Calvin - Double Predestination - As God is all-knowing, he knows our lives and how they will be live before he even creates us. Therefore God knowing creates people to be damned. This means that salvation can only occur to people whom have been given God's grace at birth.
-
Universalism
Origen - Contra Celsus - God's victory over Satan should be applicable to all men. God would not be omnibenevolent if he did not allow all people into his kingdom.
John Hick - Hell exists, but is empty. Hell exists in order to provide humans with a perceived notion of what will happen to them if they abandon doctrine. God cannot be truly good without universal salvific will.