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B5 revision: Diseases of pathogens (Bacterial: (Tuberculosis: (Reduce…
B5 revision: Diseases of pathogens
Bacterial:
Tuberculosis:
Spread by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Causes coughing and lung damage
Spread through air when infected individuals cough and sneeze
Reduce spread:
Infected should not go into public
Sleep alone
Washing hands, covering mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing using tissues and face masks and disposing of them after use
Cholera:
Spread by bacterium vibro cholerae
Causes diarrhoea that lasts a few days leading to severe dehydration and possibly death
Spreads through contaminated water sources where clean water is not available
Reduce chance of getting by having access to clean water supplies
Stomach ulcers:
Infects you by the bacterium helicobacter pylori
Causes inflammation of stomach lining which can lead to the lining becoming damaged allowing stomach acid to stick to the lining, creating a hole (ulcer) that exposes the tissue underneath.
Symptoms such as stomach pain, nausea and vomiting
Spread through oral transmission so pathogen reduced by clean water and having hygienic conditions to prevent contamination of food from bacteria
Viral:
Ebola:
Spread by coming into contact with bodily fluids of an infected individual
Can cause haemorrhagic (fever where you bleed from your eyes, mouth and nose)
Preventing spread by isolating infected and sterilising areas where virus may be present
Fungal and Protist:
Chalara ash dieback
The fungus responsible infects ash trees
Causes loss of leaves and bark lesions (wounds)
Kills entire tree directly or weakening until can't defend anymore.
Slowing down spread of disease:
Removing young infected ash trees and replanting with a different tree to slow down spread of fungus
Placing restrictions on import and movement of ash trees
Malaria
Caused by protist
Mosquitoes are vectors (pick up malarial protist and infects an animal
Causes fever, damages red blood cells and liver
Reduced by stopping mosquitoes from reproducing (removing water sources)
Protected by spraying exposed skin with insect repellant
Prevented by sleeping under a mosquito net
Sexually transmitted Infections:
Spread through sexual contact
Chlamydia:
Bacterium, reproduces in host cells
Causes infertility in men and women, can be passed onto children
Prevented by wearing a condom,or avoiding sex
No symptoms so screening is used for detection
HIV:
Virus which attacks white blood cells which affects immune response
Flu like symptoms or none
HIV controlled by antiretrovial drugs to top virus replicating in the body
Can cause AIDS if many white blood cells destroyed
Becomes vulnerable to infections
Immune system deteriorates and fails
Spread by infected bodily fluids (sharing needles)
Reduced by using a condom and not sharing needles
Medication reduces chance of passing infection on so screening and treatment important