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Biology 3.1 (communicable disease (viruses (not cells, reproduce rapidly…
Biology 3.1
communicable disease
pathogens
cause communicable diseases and spread easily
microorganism that enter your body and cause disease
effect both plants and animals
Bacteria
very small prokaryotic cells
make you feel ill
produce toxins that damage you cells
viruses
not cells
reproduce rapidly inside your cells
burst cells damaging them
the cell damage is what make you feel ill
fungi
penetrate human skin causing disease
protists
Eukaryotic cells
most of them are single celled
live on or in organisms causing damage
pathogens can be spread by
water
air
direct contact
vaccination
it takes a few day for the white blood cells to learn to kill a new pathogen
vaccination inject dead of inactive pathogens into your body to learn to defend against it
if a live pathogen enters your body it can be dealt with quicker
pro's
common diseases have become less common with people vaccinated
if an out break happens then is most of the country is vaccinated then the spread is reduced
con's
dont always work of give immunity
can cause bad reactions like swelling, fever of seizures
bad reaction are rare
preventing disease
being hygienic
destroying vectors
isolating infected individuals
vaccination
fighting disease
your body's defence mechanism
skin
antimicrobial
nose
contain hair and mucus - traps pathogens
trachea and bronchi
mucus
lined with cilia - hairs
mucus gets wafted up by the hair to back of throat where swallowed
stomach
produced hydrochloric acid - pH of about 2
immune system is made up of white blood cells
consuming pathogens
digest pathogens
producing antibodies
every pathogen has a unique molecule - antigen
antibodies specific to those antigens are produced when pathogens are recognised
the same antibodies are released around the body to find all other pathogens that are the same and kill them
once an pathogen has entered your body it is recognised and killed so you are naturally immune
producing antitoxins
counteract toxins produced by the invading bacteria
drugs