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Photosynthesis (Environmental Factors (Light (Quality of Sunlight (colors…
Photosynthesis
Environmental Factors
Nature of Light
Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
Gamma Rays, X-Rays, UV Rays, etc
measure in quantum (photon)
Short wavelength
high frequency
long wavelength
low frequency
activated electron
excited state
unactivated electron
ground state
absorption spectrum
most strongly absorbed
action spectrum
powering a photochemical process
Light
Quality of Sunlight
colors or wavelengths in sun
Quality of Sunlight
light intensity
Light Compensation Point
CO2 matches respiratory loss
Leaf Structure
#
dependent on needs of plant
Water
provides plant energy
Light- Dependent Reaction
photosystem I
chlorophyll
a
reaction center 9700
ferredoxin
absorbs electron
ferredocin-NADPH+ reductase
reduces NAD+
photosystem II
#
mostly chlorophyll
b
reaction center P680
plastocyanin become oxidized
cytochrome b6/f donates an electron
plastoquinone donates an electron
Q carrier donates electron
phaeophytin donates electron
to electron transport chain
#
ATP Synthase
chemiosmotic phosphorylation
Anabolic Reactions
Anabolism
build larger, complex molecules
short-term storage
ATP and NADPH
intermediate-term storage
sugar glucose and disaccharide sucrose
Synthesis of Polysaccharides
gluceogenesis
PGAL converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate
condensed to fructose-1,6-biphosphate
loses phosphate= frucose-6-phophate
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long- term storage
Starch
Energy and Reducing Power
Energy Carrier
small energized pigments made
ATP synthesized
Photophosphorylation
light energy
substrate-level phorphorylation
high energy phosphate groups
oxidation phosphorylation
respiration
energized pigments enter all reactions
Reducing Power
Electrons added
reduced
by reducing agents
Force electrons on compounds
Electrons lost
oxidixed
by oxidatihng agents
oxidation reaction
Other Electron Carriers
Cytochromes
Cofactor: heme
holds reaction
Plastiquinones
transport electrons short distance
plastocyanin
transport electrons metal atom
Internal Factors
Nature of Pigment
Pigment
absorb quanta
activate electron
excited state
release light
#
fluorescence
accessory pigments
stronger wavelengths chlorophyll a
through resonance
packed into granule
photosynthetic unit
grana
frets
liquid surrounding called stroma
surrounded by thylakoid lumen
Chlorophyll
a
absorb some red and blue
Chlorophyll
b
absorb blue ans violet
C4 Metabolism
#
photorespiration
energy-wasting process
PEP Carboxylase
Stroma Reactions
Calvin/ Benson Cycle
in stroma
acceptor molecule (RuBP)+ CO2
breaks to form 3-phosphoglycerate
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
improves conservation of water
PEP carboxylated to oxaloacetate
reduced to malate or acids
occurs at night
not as efficient
