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Features of new Economy Policy (1.Liberalisation (Features ((i) Freedom…
Features of new Economy Policy
1.Liberalisation
L
iberal
iz
ation refe
rs
to la
w
s or
rul
es bei
n
g li
b
era
liz
ed, or rel
axe
d, by a gov
er
n
me
nt.
Features
(i) Free
do
m of o
pen
ing/star
tin
g prod
uct
ion un
it
s.
(ii)
Li
ce
ns
ing
has be
e
n abo
li
she
d,ex
cept f
or on
ly
** fiv
e
indu
st**ries.
(iii)
Exp
ort-
Imp
or
t p
olic
y of the co
u
ntry has b
ee
n si
m
plifie
d
and li
be
ralized
(iv) adopted
to
ward
s the im
p
orts of ca
pita
l and tec
hno
logy fr
o
m ab
roa
d.
(v)
initia
te
d with rega
rds t
o the
'M
icro,S
m
all and M
e
dium En
ter
prises'
(MSMEs)
Merits
1.Co
ntro
l on Corru
ptio
n
5.
In
crea
se in Forei
g
n Inves
tme
nt
2.Con
tr
ol ove
r P
ric
e
s
3.
In
cr
eas
es
i
n C
ompe
titi
on
4.In
crea
se
s in Indu
str
ial
Pro
du
ct
ion
Demerits
1. Incr
eas
ed R
egio
nal Imba
la
nces
2.
U
n
balan
ce
d Devel
opm
ent
4.
Incre
as
e i
n U
ne
mploy
ment
3.
Lo
ss
t
o
the D
om
estic U
nit
s
2.Privatisation
"P
riv
atis
atio
n is the tr
ansf
er of functio
ns
or organi
satio
n fr
o
m p
ub
lic to
priv
ate se
cto
r".
Features
3. Economic Democracy
I
t pr
o
vide
s the c
hanc
e to the private sector to oper
ate
in e
con
omic activ
ities
free
ly
.
5.Process
Priva
tizat
ion is a
pr
oce
ss w
hich goes on continu
ous
ly. It can
not be
comp
lete
d in
a
cer
tai
n per
iod
.
2. Universal Concept
Th
e
conc
ept
of priv
atizat
ion has emerg
ed
not on
l
y in India
bu
t it ha
s de
velop
ed
al
l o
ver the
wor
ld.
6.Private Sector in Place of Public Sector
Th
e
pri
vat
e sector is being dev
elop
ed
in pl
ace of the public se
cto
r in the proc
ess
of
privatization.
1. New Concept
Pr
iv
atiz
atio
n is a ne
w co
ncept whi
ch h
as e
me
rged in the la
st tw
o decades
.
Demerits
2. Public interest
Th
e**
re a
re many industri
es wh
ich p
erfo
rm an im
por
tant
pu
blic se
rvi
ce,
e.g., h
ealth care,
edu
cat
ion
an
d p
ublic tran
sport**.
3.Problem of regulating private monopolies
Ther
efore
, the
re is s
till ne
ed fo
r gove
rnm
ent regula
tion,
sim
ila
r to
und
er st
a
te own
ershi
p.
4.Gove
rnmen
t los
es ou
t on
pote
ntial d
ividends.
Thi
s
m
ean
s the go
v
ernm
ent
miss
es
out on the
ir
dividends, i
nstea
d goin
g to
wealth
y sha
rehold
ers.
1. Natural monopoly
A nat
ural
m
ono
po
ly occu
rs when t
he
mo
st effi
cient n
umb
er of
firm
s in an i
ndus
try i
s o
ne.
Merits
1. Financial Resources
gen
era
te finan
cial
reso
ur
ces for the governm
ent in ord
er to gene
rat
e reso
urce
s disinve
stme
nt of pub
lic **
se
ctor enterpr
ises**.
4.Reduction in Bureaucracy
Pu
blic
Ent
erp
rises
bec
ome syno
nym
s bureau
crac
y. They c
an
be
m
ade fr
om
b
ure
auc
racy
by the pr
oces
s of privatiz
ation
.
3. Fostering Competition
Priva
tizati
on creat
es a
situatio
n
of com
petit
ion for pu
blic
Enter
prise
s and the
y a
re fo
rced
to impr
ov
e th
e
ir e
ffic
iency.
2. Optimum Utilisation of Resources
It
ha
s b
ee
n obser
ve
d th
at t
he
pu
blic sec
tor ha
s fai
led i
n the op
tim
al use
of n
atio
nal
resour
ces.
5. More Productivity
Th
e
pr
iva
te sec
tor c
an imp
ro
ve pr
oductiv
ity by m
ai
n
tainin
g effici
enc
y in i
ts
o
perati
ons.