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Polar Regions by Angie Vasanth (Animals (HIBERNATION IN WINTER- One way to…
Polar Regions by Angie Vasanth
Animals
HIBERNATION IN WINTER- One way to escape winter storms and cold is go to sleep until spring, living off the fat your body has started during summer. Polar bears, for example, go into a kind of hibernation in a cave.
AQUATIC ANIMALS- Animals like wales dolphin and fish are fully aquatic - the spend all their time in the sea. In the past these animals have provided a rich resource. Cod in particular has been a popular catch around the Arctic for hundreds of years .
ESCAPING THE COLD- Some animals head south of the true Arctic for the winter. Herds of caribou and reindeer, for example, spend the warmer summer months grazing on the tundra. During the winter, as the temperatures of the tundra can get colder, they head south. The winter can be spent in the shelter of the evergreen tiaga forests, where the temperatures are higher and there's more protection from the wind
PLANKTON- One of the most important parts of the polar ocean food chain is plankton, tiny creatures that thrive in polar seas. Plantlike organisms along the plankton are called phtoplankton, while the organisms are called zooplankton. Krill, for example, are a type of zooplankton a type of
The Antarctic
THE ANTARCTIC ICE CAP- The ice cap is 2,200m thick, and sits on the highest continent in the world. Less than 1% is free from ice, and Antarctica holds 90% of the world's total amount of ice.
AN ANCIENT, ICY WORLD- In some areas of Antarctica, the ice is so old that scientists are able to sample it and find out about the environment thousands of years ago.
Climate
DRY REGIONS- Precipitation in the Arctic is 15-25cm per year, which is low, but the precipitation in the interior plateau of Antarctica is just 5cm of snow a year.
EXTREME COLD- The average temperature in the Arctic is -34C, which is colder that your freezer. The coldest weather is in Siberia, Russia.
THE ARCTICS SEVEN SEAS- The Arctics seven seas are :The Greenland Sea, The Barents, The Kara, The Laptev, The East Siberian, The Chukchi and The Beaufort Sea.
People
THE NATIVE PEOPLE-In the Arctic native people such as the Inuit still in the territories they have occupied for hundreds of years. Their way of living life has changed: very few live on the land anymore as their ancestors did. Instead of tents in summer and dug in houses in winter, they live in prohibited homes.
NON-NATIVE PEOPLE- More non-native people also live on the fringes of the Arctic further north. Oil workers, forestry workers, fishermen,educators and public officials all live in the established communities
CHANGING LIFESTYLES- Today only a few sub-Arctic people live in a traditional lifestyle. Only about 10% of Saami people, for example are still nomadic reindeer herders. Most no longer live as they once did. Often their land has been taken for other uses, or ruined by pollution. This loss of their lifestyle, often without anything to replace it, has a bad effect on people
History
LIVING AS A GROUP- Life in the harsh conditions of the Arctic was extremely tough. Everyone was expected to help with the day-to-day activities that made life possible. Behavior that threatened the group could result in banishment. Since individuals cannot survive alone in the Arctic, banishment was nearly always a death sentence
WHAT THEY WOULD EAT- With a few plants available to eat, people had to survive mainly by hunting. Most groups lived near the sea, where they caught whales and and seals, as well as Arctic char, salmon and other fish. On land they hunted caribou, as well as smaller animals like hares and foxes
TRANSPORT AND SHELTER- During the summer, most people walked on land and traveled by boat on water they spent most of their time living in tents
The Arctic
CONTINENTS AND ISLANDS- The Arctic Circle covers the USA, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. There is no one landmass that is the Arctic.
ICE CAP AND PACK ICE- During winter, pack ice covers almost all of the arctic circle. This is made of sea water, and during the summer, ships called icebreakers are able to plow a passage through the ice. !
ARCTIC OCEAN- The entire Arctic Ice Cap is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean. The Gulf Stream brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico up to the Arctic, and sends back cold water towards the Antarctic. This affects many climates.
