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P6-IOP - Q11- What are the forces that change organizations? How can…

- - - - Technology is the major external force which calls for change. The adoption of new technology such as computers, telecommunication systems and flexible manufacturing operations have profound impact on the organizations that adopt them.
    - - Marketing conditions are no more static. They are in the process of rapid change as the needs, desires and expectations of the customers change rapidly and frequently. Moreover, there is tough competition in the market as the market is flooded with new products and innovations everyday. New methods of advertising are used to influence the customers. Today the concept of consumerism has gained considerable importance and thus, the consumers are treated as the kings.
    - - There are a lot of social changes due to spread of education, knowledge and a lot of government efforts. Social equality, e.g., equal opportunities to women, equal pay for equal work, has posed new challenges for the management. The management has to follow certain social norms in shaping its employment, marketing and other policies.
    - - Political environment within and outside the country have an important impact on business especially the transnational corporations. The interference of the government in business has increased tremendously in most of the countries. The corporate sector is regulated by a lot of laws and regulations.
  - - - The nature of work force has changed over a passage of time. Different work values have been expressed by different generations. Workers who are in the age group of 50 plus value loyalty to their employers. Workers in their mid-thirties to mid-forties are loyal to themselves only. The youngest generation of workers is loyal to their careers.
    - - Change in managerial personnel is another force which brings about change in organization. Old managers are replaced by new managers which is necessitated because of promotion, retirement, transfer or dismissal. Each manager brings his own ideas and way of working in the organization. The informal relationships change because of changes in managerial personnel. Sometimes, even though there is no change in personnel, but their attitudes change. As a result, the organization has to change accordingly.
    - - Sometimes change are necessary because of some deficiencies in the existing organizational structure, arrangement and processes. These deficiencies may be in the form of unmanageable span of management, larger number of managerial levels, lack of co-ordination among various departments, obstacles in communication, multiplicity of committees, lack of uniformity in policy decisions, lack of cooperation between line and staff and so on.
    - - In many cases, organizational changes take place just to avoid developing inertia or inflexibility. Conscious managers take into account this view that organization should be dynamic because any single method is not the best tool of management every time.