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Geography Y9 (The Earth (Plate Boundaries (Constructive Plate Boundaries…
Geography Y9
The Earth
The Earth's structure
The outer layer is the crust which is really thin. Under that is the mantle. The mantle behaves like a solid but can flow and has convection currents that causes tectonic plates to move. The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid metal that is extremely hot.
Volcanoes
When volcanoes erupt, the eruption can tell us which type of volcano it is due to the viscosity of lava, the amount of gas in the lava and the way in which the magma has reached the surface.
Volcanoes can be active ( erupt at any time ), dormant ( a volcano that hasn't erupted in a while ) or extinct ( never erupt again ).
Types of volcanoes
Composite volcanoes occur at a destructive plate boundary usually where oceanic plate meets continental plate. They feature viscous lava, steep sides and volcanic bombs
Shield volcanoes occur at constructive plate boundaries and hotspots. The feature gently sloping sides, layered solidified lava and runny lava.
Plate Boundaries
Constructive Plate Boundaries are 2 plate moving apart. This creates an underwater volcano and releases magma. The lava then cools when it reaches the surface and forms new islands. This is how Hawaii was formed. Small earthquakes may occur.
Destructive Plate Boundaries are found when continental and oceanic plates collide. The oceanic plate is denser than the continental plate so it sinks under it. This is known as subduction. The crust becomes magma and rises to the surface where it is released causing a volcanic eruption.
Conservative Plate Boundaries are 2 plates moving along each other and snag onto each other. The pressure continues to build until they suddenly slip past each other causing an earthquake due to all the energy. that had built up.
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Climate
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Equatorial Climate
An equatorial climate is hot, humid with high temperatures with little to no winds. Equatorial climates are usually found in rainforests.
Biomes
Biomes are large ecosystems which links the living to the non living through many ways. In a biome the plants and animals found there are adapted to cope with the pressures of the environment around them.
An ecosystem is a community of organism and non living objects that work together. Every factor depends on everything in an ecosystem either directly or indirectly
Rainforests
Features of a rainforest
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Rainforests contain Lianas which are vine-like plants that use trees to reach the canopy of the rainforest
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Plants have drip tips which are leaves coated in wax and are in a special shape to shed water quickly and prevent rotting, breaking and the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Epiphytes are plants that attach themselves to trees and get their nutrients from the air and debris around them.
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