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P7 (Energy (Stores (Nuclear (Hydrogen in the Sun (fusion), A lump of…

- - - - Pile of coal with oxygen
      - Glucose in your muscles with oxygen
    - - A hot bath
      - ΔE = mass × shc × Δtemp.
    - - A moving car
      - E = ½mv²
    - - A skier at the top of a hill
      - E = mgh
    - - E = ½kx²
      - A stretched elastic band
    - - Hydrogen in the Sun (fusion)
      - A lump of uranium (fission)
      - E = Δmc²
    - - Two opposite charges held apart
    - - Two opposite poles held apart
- - - - Reduces energy loss via friction (e.g. oil)
      - Layer of fluid between solid surfaces
      - No longer in direct contact
    - - Reduces energy loss via heating (e.g. foam)
      - Placing non-conductive material between hot/cold objects
      - Rate of energy transfer is reduced
- - - - Thinner walls = faster cooling
      - More difficult for heat to transfer across
    - - Rate over area of 1m², thickness 1m, Δtemp. 1°C
      - Lower conductivity = slower cooling
      - Ice has low thermal conductivity, so igloos can be warm
    - - Larger area = faster cooling
      - More particles to transfer heat
  - - - Insulation to reduce heating to surroundings
      - Choose non-conductive materials
      - Use efficient technology e.g. LEDs
      - :arrow_up: efficient = :arrow_down: power
      - Need to reduce waste energy