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Jialin_Yu_Blk4_MM10 (DNA replication phases (Initiation (After the…
Jialin_Yu_Blk4_MM10
DNA replication phases
Initiation
After the replication bubble stabilizes,
DnaA falls off and both replication forks are exposed.
Helicase bind binding to the DNA at the replication forks and catalyzing the separation of double-stranded
DNA.
Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB)
then stabilizes the replication bubble by binding to the single-stranded regions of the DNA
Once DnaB attaches to the DNA, the initiation complex is complete and the DNA is ready for elongation.
phase the initiator protein called DnaA binds to the origin of replication (also called ori) at its four binding sites (13-mers).
Elongation
enzymes: DNA polymerase (DNA Pol I, II, and III), primase, gyrase, and ligase,
involves several enzyme that use the single-stranded parent DNA strands as templates for synthesizing new complementary daughter strands.
Termination
strand. In the 5’ direction, several DNA polymerases work together to produce the lagging strand
Stalling is regulated by a protein called Tus, which recognizes and binds to 10 different terminator sites (ter sites) on the template DNA.
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Telomeres
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Telomerase increases the length of telomeres at the ends of DNA so the cells have additional non-coding DNA that can be deleted without impacting the gene coding regions
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DNA polymerase
The leading strand begins at the ori with the RNA primer and elongates without breaking in the 3’ direction (downstream of the ori) until it reaches the end of the DNA molecule.
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Mutations
Mismatched errors that escape causes a deformity in the
secondary helical structure of DNA that can be detected and corrected by DNA pol II.