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Greece Review (Literature (Trojan War (Achilles (Was dipped in the River…

- - - - Aided in the victory of Troy, ending the war
        
        The Lotus-Eaters
        
        Some of his men ate the local Lotus
        
        They went into a haze and were heavily influenced
        
        They forgot their families and homelife
        
        Polyphemus the Cyclops
        
        Began when Paris of Troy abducted the wife of Menelaus
        
        Dishonourable. Feigned insanity so he would not have to follow through with pact to protect Helen of Troy.
        
        This enraged the king of Sparta, who then called upon all the kings of Greece.
  - - - Was dipped in the River Styx by his mother, was held by his heel so his heel was never submerged. River Styx made him invulnerable.
      - Was employed by the Greek King Menelaus to fight in the war against the Trojans.
      - Only cared about being immortalised in history. He was very egotistical and didn't care about the victor of the war.
- - - - Asked questions that were seemingly simple but proved they didn't know anything
        
        Pointed out contradictions
    - - Didn't believe to have known much himself
    - - Had the chance to run but refused to on principle
        
        Failed attempt to convince him to leave
        
        Killed
        
        Believed that ease of escape was not a reason to do so
        
        Believed that by running he would be a hypocrite and it would contradict his teachings
        
        Followed the laws his whole life and could have left whenever but decided not to
    - - Taught Plado
  - - - Adapted Socrates' ideas
        
        Belief that the general public was ignorant and stupid
        
        Only experts should make decisions
        
        Philosopher king
        
        Should have rigorous training in logic, rationality, morality and law
        
        Decided by other philosophers
    - - Founded The Academy
        
        Taught Aristotle
        
        Skeptic school
    - - Story of Socrates
        
        Roles of a philosopher and of poetry in society
        
        Reflect the idea of justice
        
        Explores natures of existing regimes and suggests new ones
  - - - Opposite views to Plato
        
        Research showed him that the idea of a philosopher king would not work
    - - Enthusiastic teacher
        
        Often went off on tangents
      - Taught ethics, politics, poetics and analytics
    - - Forced out of Athens by anti-Macedonian sentiments
    - - Would research or teach a new thing in a different subject every day or every time he finished the last one
    - - Belief that everything must be backed by facts and logic
- - - - voting was shouting
- - - - Library of Alexander
        
        what was its purpose?
        
        knowledge to be kept alive, create community and to give access to books.
        
        How did they grow their collection?
        
        Took books from people to copy them, all diverse coming from all over the world.
        
        How did they encourage learning (visiting scholars)
        
        paid students to study the books and gave them food and a place to stay.
        
        How is it different
        
        not based on wealth, (public library)
      - Influenced
        
        United Macedonian and Persian armies
        
        Indian/ Chinese Art
        
        starting copying greek statues
        
        macedonian switched to persian clothing- influenced greeks to as well
        
        Learned from Aristotle until 335 BC, when he founded his own Academy.
  - - - Married Roxanne
      - At Hydaspes, Bucephalus dies.
- - - - citizenship awarded to adult males
        
        aristocrats who owned large estates
        
        commercial and industrial class
        
        craftspeople, shopkeepers, labourers, sailors, small land holders
    - - no political rights
    - - no political rights
      - (Metics)
        
        included all immigrants, any children of a citizen and a non-citizen, freed slaves
        
        merchants who handled oversea trade
      - registered by state
      - could not become citizens
        
        pay annual tax, forbidden to own land, expected to serve in military
    - - were property of owners, were treated well
      - came from 'barbarian' countries
      - two thirds of population owned slaves
  - - - free citizens
        
        did not work land or engage in trade
      - adult males over age of 30 who were born in Sparta
      - Spartan boys trained to become soldiers
    - - no legal or political status
    - - could engage in industry and trade
      - no political rights
      - heavily taxed
      - subject to military service
    - - slaves
      - original citizens when Spartans took over the region
      - owned by state, no political rights, no hope for freedom
      - 20:1- constant threat of revolt
- - - - causes
        
        spartans were being beaten by the spartans, so athenians asked persia for help. in turn the athenians had to do a ritual which the athenians didnt know they were basically slaving themselves over. the athenians didnt end up needing persias help and the athenians brushed them off. persia got mad
      - strategies tactics
        
        Phalynx formation, cut down trees, created obstacles making it impossible for calvary to be used, persians began the fight with a large launch of arrows but the shields just blocked them all. later on, the athenians moved forwards and put more troops on the outside and less on the inside, so when the persians attacked the middle, the outside athenians circled in on them
      - who was involved
        
        Athenians led by Melteities, persians
      - result
        
        persians retreated, and tried to sail back to athens. the athenians ran 26 miles back to athens from marathon to meet the persians. persians saw athens and decided to leave.
      - weapons
        
        bronze and wood shields, bronze armour/helmet, as well as swords and spears
    - - the spartans left a rear guard behind of 300 men to assist in the rest of the men escaping. they fought bravely to the death against the persians