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Israel's Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (Impacts (Appalling massacres of…
Israel's Invasion of Lebanon 1982
Events
2nd June 1982
3 Palestinians attempt to
assassinate Israeli Ambassador in London
6th June
Israel launched Operation
Peace for Galilee
70 000 troops, 800 tanks and 350
fighter jets used to invade Lebanon
Established a 45km buffer zone
in south Lebanon
Israeli forces drove north,
bombing towns
300 000 Lebanese left homeless
12 000 people killed
40 000 people wounded
Israeli forces surrounded Beirut to evict PLO from Lebanon
and install Bachir Gemayel as President
For 2 months, Beirut was
bombarded
Food, water and electricity supplies cut
20 000 innocent Lebanese civilians killed
Late August, a multinational force from
USA, France & Italy supervised evacuation of
11 500 Palestinian fighters
most, including Arafat,
went to Tunisia
Impacts
Farms and towns in Galilee free
from PLO raids and missiles
Arafat and PLO leadership
were 2 400 km away in Tunis
Damaged Israeli publicity
Israel's methods being brutal
Towns & cities in Lebanon had been
bombed = many civilians killed
White phosphorus shell used
Appalling massacres of Sabra
and Shatila resulted in international
condemnation of Israel
300 000 Israelis protested
Israeli government set up commission
to find out what happened at camps
Ariel Sharon forced to resign
Created a new enemy for Israel
1982
an Islamic organisation (Hezbollah) was
formed in Lebanon and funded by Iran
After
1985
Hezbollah continued to wage a
guerrilla war against Israel because
Israel still occupied a strip of Lebanon
Causes
Coastal Road Massacre
March 1978
11th March 1978
13 PLO militants seized
hotel in Tel Aviv & took tourists as hostages
wanted to exchange Palestinians
held prisoner by Israel
Israeli police stopped
hijacked bus,
leading to a shootout
38 Israeli civilians (13
children) killed
71 Israelis wounded
9 out of 13 PLO killed
Operation Litani, March 1978
Israel's response to Coastal Road
15th March 1978
26 000
Israeli troops invaded Lebanon
1 100 Palestinian and
Lebanese killed
75 killed in a mosque that
was destroyed in airstrikes
Growing Tensions 1979-81
UN ordered ceasefire &
installed peacekeepers
Peacekeepers attacked by
Palestinian 'Rejectionists'
With Soviet help, PLO
became stronger
PLO acquired weapons
from the USSR
Any IDF raid on PLO base in Lebanon
was reprised with rocket attacks
on areas in Galilee
Mid 1981, reprisals and attacks meant
PLO and Israel were almost at war
UN organised ceasefire in
1981
PLO's possession of long-range
weapons still a threat to Israel
Israel used truce to plan invasion
Sabra and Shatila Massacres 1982
Israeli Defense Minister, Ariel
Sharon, claimed that 2 000
Palestinian fighters still in
refugee camps
2 weeks after PLO evacuation, Israeli
forces surrounded Sabra and Shatila
camps
Phalange forces sent to find PLO
Phalanges angered as 2 days prior
Bachir Gemayel had been killed
2 day massacre followed
3 500 civilians killed, often
after being tortured