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TOPIC 1: TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS (Various Methods of Training Needs…
TOPIC 1: TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS
Levels of Training Needs Analysis
1. Organisational Analysis
Components of a Strategic/Organisational Needs Analysis
Organisational goals
Organisational Resources and Core Competencies
Organisational Culture and Climate
Environmental Constraints
2. Task (Job) Analysis
Five-step approach to Task Analysis:
Step 1: Overall Job Description
Step 2: Task Identification
Step 3: Identify Job Requirements
Step 4: Identify the most beneficial Training Area
Step 5: Prioritise Training Needs
3. Person (Individual) Analysis
Summary Person Analysis
Diagnostic Person Analysis
Definition
A process which an organisation’s HRD needs are identified and presented, TNA is the starting point of HRD and training process.
Importance
Identify organisation’s goals and its effectiveness in reaching these goals
Discrepancy of gaps between current skills and skills to perform future jobs
Discrepancy of gap between employee skills and skills required for effective current job performance
Various Methods of Training Needs Analysis
Surveys
Advantages of Surveys
Provides anonymity to encourage genuine and accurate responses
Relatively inexpensive to administer to respondents
Ability to reach out to large pool of respondents
Ease of conducting analyses for summary and reporting purpose
Limitations of Surveys
Answers might not be sufficiently deep to understand reasons behind issues
Fatigue of respondents could lead to inaccurate and/or bias data
Observations
Advantages of Observations
Minimises work flow interruption to employees
Generates first-hand, real-life data
Serves as a better ground for context building
Limitations of Observations
Subjective
Usually time-consuming for the observer
Observed results may deviate from the norms due employees knowing that they are observed
Interviews
Advantages of Interviews
Easily identifies performance issues in employees which leads to exploring possible solutions
Provides immediate feedback
Limitations of Interviews
Usually time-consuming for the interviewer
Difficult to produce quantifiable results through analyses
Requires an experienced interviewer to generate data while making interviewee comfortable
Customer Feedback
Advantages of Customer Feedback
Ability to act on constructive feedback from customers or clients
Positions customers to feel valued when the organisation asks for their inputs
Gathers insights about customer or client profile
Limitations of Customer Feedback
Low response rates unless there is an incentive system for customers or clients to complete the feedback form
Fatigue of customers or clients may produce inaccurate and/or bias data
Focus Group
Advantages of Focus Group
Gathers results promptly
Ability to conduct it easily
Able to observe body language and nonverbal cues
Limitations of Focus Group
Opinions may be easily influenced by others in the group
Influential participants can skew results
Results from small group does not necessarily represent a larger group
Performance Data or Appraisals
Advantages of Performance Data or Appraisals
Ease of analysis and quantification to determine kinds of training needs and performance gaps
Limitations of Performance Data or Appraisals
Data is subjective as it is based on human assessment
Inclined to be subject to human errors and biases
Job Knowledge Skills
Achievement Tests
Advantages of Job Knowledge Skills Achievement Tests
Identifies areas of training that need high level of competency.
Limitations of Job Knowledge Skills Achievement Tests
Knowledge of KSAOs in theory and practice can differ
Checklists or Training Progress Charts
Advantages of Checklists or Training Progress Charts
Provides quick overview of employee’s skills and skills needed for each job
Allows HRD professionals to plan for suitable training programmes
Sets a to-do list for training programmes
Limitations of Checklists or Training Progress Charts
List needs to be constantly updated to ensure accuracy of data
Diaries
Advantages of Diaries
Provides regular job-related details vital to establishing training needs
Summarises everyday job-related information in one source
Limitations of Diaries
Time-consuming to update job-related details on dairy regularly
Role Play
Advantages of Role Play
Provides visual information on how well involved employees are performing in the role play
Easy and quick to gain access to information on weak areas and areas of improvement
Limitations of Role Play
Subjective approach as assessor may be inclined to human errors
Biasness may be informed as it is assess by humans