Drone strikes violate international law. Under international humanitarian law, the targeted individual must be directly participating in hostilities with the United States. [57] Under international human rights law, the targeted individual must pose an imminent threat that only lethal force can prevent. [57] Simply being suspected of some connection to a "militant" organization — or, under the CIA's policy of "signature" drone strikes, fitting the profile of a terrorist in an area where terrorists are known to operate – is not legally sufficient to make someone a permissible target for killing. [63] Article 6(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations, states that "no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life," even in times of armed conflict. [61] Article 2(4) of the UN Charter prohibits the threat or use of force by one state against another, [64] with the exceptions of (1) the consent of the host state, [65] and (2) when the use of force is in self-defense in response to an armed attack or an imminent threat, where the host state is unwilling or unable to take appropriate action. [25] Members of militant groups with which the United States is not in an armed conflict are therefore not lawful targets. [62] Amnesty International says drone strikes can be classified as "war crimes" or illegal "extrajudicial executions." [66]