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General revision- Part 2 (The Eye (The eye is a sense organ containing…
General revision- Part 2
Human body
Response to exercise
- If insufficient oxygen is supplied anaerobic respiration takes places
- The incomplete oxidation of glucose cause a build-up of lactic acid and creates oxygen debt
- During long periods of vigorous activity, muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
- Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose
- Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
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The Eye
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- The cililary muscles contract
- The suspensory liagments contract
- The lens is then thicker and refracts light rays
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- The suspensory liagaments are pulled tight
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The Brain
- The brain controls complex behaviour. It is made of billions of interconnected neurons and has different regions that carry out different functions
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Homeostasis
- Homeostasis = the regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function (enzyme action and all cell functions)
- In humans this includes control of:
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- All control systems include:
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- Coordination centers that receive and process information from receptors
Metabolism
- Metabolism = The sum of all reactants in a cell or body
- The energy is transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesis new molecules
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- Conversion of glucose to starch
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Negative feedback
Negative feedback = The counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone, or where the result of a certain action may inhibit further performance of that action.
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Human endocrine system
- The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood
- It is also is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs
- The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect
- Pituitary gland = the major endocrine gland, a pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain that is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
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