Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Checklist- Diseases (Production and uses of monoclonal antibodies…
Checklist- Diseases
-
Health issues
-
-
- Defects in the immune system mean that an individual is more likely to suffer from infectious dieseases
- Viruses living in cells can be the trigger for cancers
- Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can trigger allergies such as skin rashes and asthma
- Severe physical ill health can lead to depression and to other mental illness
Culturing Microorganisms
- Culturing Microorganisms = A method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.
- Microbial cultures are used to determine the type of organism, its abundance in the sample being tested, or both
- Bacteria multiply by simple cell division (binary fission) as often as once every 20 mins
- Calculate the number of bacteria in a population after a certain time if given the mean division time
- Bacteria can be grown as colonies on an agar gel plate or in a nutrient broth solution
- Calculate cross sectional areas of the colonies or clear areas around colonies using πr2
-
Vaccination
- Vaccination involves introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce anti-bodies
- An anti-body = a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
- If the same pathogen re-enters the body, the white blood cells respond quickly to produce the correct antibodies, preventing infection
Viral, Bacterial, Fungal and Protist diseases
- Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, smallpox, and Ebola. Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells and use those cells to multiply and produce other viruses like themselves.
- Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. Although most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, some are pathogenic, with the number of species estimated as fewer than a hundred that are seen to cause infectious diseases in humans.
Pathogen = A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
Communicable Diseases
- Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease. Bacteria and viruses may reproduce rapidly inside the body
- Bacteria may produce toxins that damage tissue and make us feel ill
- Viruses live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage
Cancer
- Cancer is the result of changes in cells are cancers that lead to uncontrolled growth and division
- Benign tumours are growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane. They do not invade other parts of the body
-
Human defence system
- If a pathogen enters the body, the immune system tries to destroy the pathogen