Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

GORBACHEV (E. EUROPE (increase in unrest and liberalisation (uintended but…

- - - - reason for withdrawal from Afghanistan and support of international Communist movements
      - reason to end arms race w US - can't afford
      - stable global environment to improve economy
    - - openness - had been calls for it, was popular
      - kept in dark about Afghanistan etc
      - also reason for Afghan withdrawal - unpopular, alcoholism, draft-dodging
    - - also relied on co-operation of US - wouldn't have been possible without
      - shaped goals but not all outcomes
      - lack of action in E Europe arguably more international - about image?
        
        but it was the application of a domestic policy that caused it
  - - - E Europe
      - main factor behind collapse
      - unintended - became a process he couldn't control due to new thinking - couldn't intervene and attack
    - - economic decline - something had to be done or it would fall anyway
    - - might've been successful - ended Cold War, left expensive foreign entanglements
    - - Began when Hungary began dismantling fence between Austria - took new route out
      - East German peaceful revolution - allowed bc of open-ness and less attacks tho there were some
      - also via Czechoslovakia
      - party boss in E Germany not properly informed or updated about new regulations allowing further movement - said it was straight away and more widespread than intended - not his fault
  - - - economic weakness - shifting needs of superpowers
        
        possibly still intentions of superpower status - awareness of importance of image and economy
      - international image
        
        Afghanistan, E Europe
      - 2nd Cold War - pragmatism, avoid nuclear war
      - Redirect money into economy
      - human interests take precedence over class interests - environment of global peace conducive to tackling wealth gap etc
      - Brezhnev thought world politics was moving toward socialism w decolonisation - clearly not an option anymore, cut losses
    - - withdrawal abraod e.g. Afghanistan
      - no longer supporting international Communist movements
      - lack of intervention in E Europe as regimes fell and became more democratisied - no Brezhnev doctrine ye Sinatra
      - direct diplomacy, establishment of friendly relations w UK and US
      - push for disarment esp w US, INF and START
      - restructured cabinet inc getting rid of Gromyko
  - - - Afghanistan
      - good for image, less threatening
      - lack of intervention in E Europe even w increasing democratisation
    - - not an option for Soviet economy
- - - - western source dismiss as no longer an economic possiblity - was a factor but not the sole one
    - - somewhat of a continuation from Kchev
      - idea that universal values should take precedence over localised ones - gap between rich and poor, nuclear war
- - - - increasingly apparent they would not be able to maintain a regime that would be stable or legitimate
      - defining power in fundamentally different ways