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Biological Sciences (Cells- Are the basic building block of life and can…
Biological Sciences
Cells- Are the basic building block of life and can be either made up of multiple cells and is called MULTICELLULAR or one cell and is called UNICELLULAR.
Cells can be found in both animals and plants and the general structure differs but they serve similar
processes.
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There are many different cells of many different sizes. Smaller objects such as viruses are measured in nanometres[nm] which is one billionth of a metre.
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Specialised Animal Cell- They have a specific job to do in the body and they have a specific structure to help them do that job.
Muscle Cells- 1. Voluntary Muscles- Also known as skeletal these are found to attach to the bone of the skeleton to provide support and movement.
- Involuntary Muscle- Also known as smooth muscle these are found in the parts of the body where you don't need to think about it like food digestion and breathing.
- Cardiac Muscle- Found ion the heart and is involuntary muscle but has a stripped appearance
Nerve cells- Make up your brain anjd carry information from the brain to the other parts of the body like muscles. They also information back to the brain.
Blood Cells- 1. Red blood cells- Carry oxygen from the lungs around the body to cells where it is used to release energy.
- White blood cells- Are involved in the immune system and help the body to fight infection.
Fat Cells-1. Brown fat cells- Are used to produce meat for the body by shivering.
- White fat cells- Are used as a store for energy. These cells form an insulate layer for the skin that helps keep your body at a constant temperature.
Specialised Plant cells- They don't have many specialised cells as animals but they have specific functions.
1, Guard Cells
- Conducting Cells
- Photosynthesis Cells
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History of Microscopes
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Antonie Van Leeuwenheok 1632-1723- Was an expert microscope builder. Used his own microscope to look at pond water.
Zacharias Janssen- 1585-1632- Dutch spectacle maker. Created first true microscope and was the first person to observe and describe microscopic living things. Also was the first person to observe and describe red cells and bacteria.
Cell Theory
In 1833 Scottish botanist Robert Brown [1733-1858] discovered that plant cells were not just empty boxes that they had even smaller structures inside them. It took another 70 years to identify structures like chloroplasts.
In 1838, German scientist Matthiass Schloerden [1804-1881] analysed the known information about plant cells. He proposed the idea that cells are the basic building blocks of life. That plants start off as a single cell and grow and new cells are produced.
In 1839, Theodor Schwann [1810- 1882] proposed that animals are also made of a cell. This meant that cells are the basic unit of life for both plant and animals.
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