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Software (Operating System (Memory Management Keeps track of all main…
Software
Operating
System
Memory Management
Keeps track of all main memory locations
Prioritises memory slots for programs for faster PCs
Multi-tasking
Allows multi-media use of different programs simultaneously
Keep track of what you've done, there's a limit
More programs = slower OS
Peripheral Management, Drivers
Handles IPO w/ peripherals (mouse, printer, keyboard etc.)
Driver - software usually given w/ a peripheral device
Used to manage OS-Peripheral interaction
User Management
Allows multiple users on a system w/ username, password
Manages diff levels of access per user by username
File Management
Keep track of file storage, presented in files & folders
Allows users to know what data STA on secondary storage
User
Interface
Definition
Used for interaction with computer
Comman-line, Graphical, Natural Language
GUI
Most common, helpful guidance, clear functions
WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointers)
Personal comp, smartphone etc. click tasks to be done
CLI
Command-line; no WIMP use commands
Used before GUIs, no pre-programmed commands
Need the knowledge of commands' purposes (direct control)
Raspberry Pi, command prompt; can allow freedom
NLI
Natural Language; linguistic commands
Can be quick, easy to use; also can be frustrating
Siri, Cortana, Alexa, Echo; process Questions
Utility
Software
Definition
Type of System software, maintain comp resources
Usually attached w/ OS, can download specific vers.
File Conversion, Data Compression, Defragmentation
Backing up, Restoring Data, Anti-virus/spyware, Encrypt.
Defragmentation
Comp doesn't store data in full continuously w/ diff types
Puts any form of data in whatever space there is left
Fragmentation as files are scattered across storage unit
Defragmentation puts files back together again
Backup methods
To prevent loss of data through damage/failure
Full - all files selected backed up, time-consuming
Usually done once, initially
Incremental - backup files that have changed
since the last full backup; done regularly, quicker
Anti-virus/spyware
Virus - infiltrate system, replicate itself
Cause damage, fill up storage to crash
Software needs regular updates vs. new viruses
Spyware - Gathers data w/o knowledge
Key logger can pick personal, sensitive data
Also needs regular updates
Computer
Languages
High-level vs. Low Level
High - language written in language
Closer to human language (Python C, Java etc.)
One line of code can represent several tasks
Low - language written close to comp understanding
Assembly (low), Machine Code (very low), mnemonics/binary
One line of code = one task; used for drivers in hardware
Compiler
Source code - code produced in hi-level, convert to machine
Translate whole source, errors stop completion
Machine code out putted as .exe file; STA for program's use
Error handling - Report on all errors found to be fixed
Interpreter
Converts/executes code line by line
Python is interpreted, C languages compiled
Errors detected during running, when it hits the error
Less memory needed than compiler as no .exe needed
Usually slower throughout, compilers start up slower
Assembler
Program that takes mnemonics in assembly language
Translates it to machine code
Systems
System vs Application
System - controls hardware operations
provides platform for Application
App - Usual programs (documentation, communication etc.)
MS Paint, Internet Explorer, MS Word etc; perform tasks
System Software types
Device drivers - program controls specific device
Utility software - manages, maintains comp resources
Operating System
software loaded after boot-up
controls hardware, manages software
Multitasking, Memory Manage, Peripheral Manage
UI, Drivers, User manage, File manage
Makes us able to control hardware to run software
Simulation
Definition
Computer model of real-life situations
Victorian era - no simulations, had to over-engineer
More expensive construction than needs be
Yet these construction are still strong enough today
Flight, Weather Forecast, Earthquakes, Finance etc.
Not entirely real; real-life is often simplified
Massive processing power needed, can be costly