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Geography (erosion (Hydraulic action - this is the sheer power of the…
Geography
erosion
Hydraulic action - this is the sheer power of the waves as they smash against the cliff. Air becomes trapped and compressed into cracks in the rock with explosive force causing the rock to break apart.
Abrasion - this is when pebbles grind along a rock platform or cliff base much like sandpaper. Over time the rock becomes smooth.
Attrition - this is when rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded.
Solution - this is when sea water dissolves certain types of rocks. In the UK, chalk and limestone cliffs (soft rock) are prone to this type of erosion.
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transportation
Solution - when minerals in rocks like chalk and limestone are dissolved in sea water and then carried in solution. The load is not visible.
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mass movement
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sliding: A slide happens when a section of soil or rock suddenly gives way and moves down a slope. The material moves as a single mass along a slippery zone. The slippery zone is often made up of wet sediment.
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process
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As the roots grow, the cracks become larger.
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Deposition
When the sea loses energy, it drops the material it has been carrying. This is known as deposition. Deposition can occur on coastlines that have constructive waves.
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weathering
Freeze-thaw weathering occurs when rocks are porous (contain holes) or permeable (allow water to pass through).
process
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When temperatures drop, the water freezes and expands causing the crack to widen.
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Biological weathering Plants and animals can have an effect on rocks. Roots burrow into the rock, weakening the structure of the rock until it breaks away.
chemical weathering: Rainwater and seawater can be a weak acid. Over time a coastline made up of rocks such as limestone or chalk can become dissolved by the acid in the water.