Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Theories (Marxism (Key words (Bourgeoisie:Upper/middle class, Proletariat:…
Theories
Marxism
Key words
-
-
-
Historical materialism: The view that humans are beings of material needs for example water and shelter.
-
Class conscious: The idea that the working class become aware that they have the majority and are being oppressed.
-
Historical materialism: The view that humans are beings of material needs for example water and shelter.
The idea of historical materialism focuses on labour to provide the materials. Marxists believe this began with unaided labour which then lead ti aided labour in the industrial age as machines are used to help people. Over time this has adjusted creating a division between the classes based off economic means.
-
Capitalism
Features: A capitalist society works by separating the two classes through oppression and exploitation. For this to work the means of production are concentrated and the proletariat do not receive the value of goods even though they do majority of the work.
The structure of a capitalist society is based on three layers: Supper structure (how things are transferred - ISA), means of production (all ideas come from the upper class) and economic base (this is the relationship between upper and working class).
Communism
Features: Collective ownership, stateless, classless and end of alienation.
Evaluation
-
Over simplified by the use of only two classes when in today's society there is an actual fact eight.
-
-
Feminsim
Types
Difference: Argue that cannot generalise women's experiences as if they are all from a conventional nuclear family.
-
-
-
Really focus on post colonial feminism - focusing on gender inequality in colonised areas for example africa.
-
Radical: They are fully against men and believe that the only way to reach equality between genders is through gender segregation.
They believe political lesbianism is a feature that should be used during gender segregation. This is where heterosexual women become homosexual to avoid men.
-
Evaluation: Extremists view. Focus too much on violence alongside the fact that they ignore economic factors - the idea that men have more money and so have more power.
-
-
-
Waves
-
2: "Private made political" - the idea of moving subjects that were normally only discussed in the home to large public debates.
-
-
-
Functionalists
Key concepts
Structural differentiation: This is where different institutions find different needs for each other
Moving/dynamic equilibrium: As a change occurs in one part of the system it produces compensatory changes in other parts.
Pattern variables: There are two types of patterns people follow A (Ascribed for example the Queen) and B (Achieved for example Bill Gates).
AGIL schema: Adaptation (Economic function, society provides adequate standards of living), Goal attainment (Political function - meritocracy), Integration (Social harmony - everyone getting along and sharing similar norms and values) and latency (This is divided into two: pattern maintenance (this deals with conflict in demands) and tension management (this motivates people to stay in society).
Social order: Parsons believe this is achieved through an existence of a shared culture or a central value system.
-
-
Value consensus: This the two systems that make social order possible: socialisation and social control (positive sanctions for conforming).
-
-
-
-