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Henry VII Threats and Rebellions (Perkin Warbeck (Cloth trader from…
Henry VII Threats and Rebellions
Viscount Lovell and Humphrey Stafford
1486
Lovell tried to raise a rebellion in the North Riding of Yorkshire where Richard III had a lot of support and Lovell escaped
Stafford tried to raise forces against Henry in the Yorkist area of the Midlands but was captured and executed. However, his younger brother Thomas was pardoned.
There was little enthusiasm for a Yorkist uprising
Lambert Simnel and the rebellion of the Earl of Lincoln
Leading Yorkists realised that they needed a figurehead and financial support to build a stronger military
Lambert Simnel pretended to be the Earl of Warwick who had been imprisoned by Henry
Crowned as King Edward in Ireland
Organised by John de la Pole
Henry exhibited the real Earl of Warwick in London
John de la Pole fled from the court and joined Lovell at the court of Margaret of Burgundy in the Netherlands
Persuaded Margaret to support Simnel's claim and to pay for mercenaries to invade England
Henry knew it was being planned and reinstated the untrustworthy Earl of Northumberland as Richard III's powerbase was in the North of England (he previously led a large part of Richard's army at Bosworth) and this helped to neutralise the area and ensured that the Yorkist Howard family did not join the conspiracy. He also reinforced coastal defences in East Anglia.
Rebels landed on the northwest coast in Cumberland and crossed the Pennines to get support in the North Riding of Yorkshire but the Yorkist gentry of the North Riding were reluctant to commit
Battle of Stoke Field 1487
Henry gathered advisors including the relatives of former Yorkists who had been victims of Richard III
2 armies met at East Stoke
Henry was worried he may be double crossed like Richard was at Bosworth
Henry's army was led effectively by the Earl of Oxford
The Earl of Lincoln was killed as he had not gathered enough followers to add to the mercenaries
Henry won
Henry had not been very severe in his treatment of those who had rebelled which weakened the Yorkists' resolve to oppose him
Really brought an end to the Wars of the Roses
Perkin Warbeck
Cloth trader from Tournai in Flanders
Threat over a period of 8 years
Claimed to be Richard, Duke of York
Able to attract patronage from foreign rulers which made him into a potentially serious threat and demonstrated how other rulers saw Henrys's position as fragile
1491: impersonated Richard in Ireland
Went to the Court of Margaret of Burgundy where he was trained as a Yorkist prince and began to draw English courtiers into his conspiracies
Tried to land in England in 1495 but Henry had be informed by a royal agent (Sir Robert Clifford) who had infiltrated Warwick's group
Warbeck was defeated and fled to the court of James IV of Scotland
Sir William Stanley was Henry's step-uncle and Lord Chamberlain and headed the royal household. Sir William Stanley was an accomplice in the threat and also very close to Henry at a time of household government.
The attempt was over after James took Henry's offer of marriage to his daughter Margaret
Warbeck tried again during the Cornish Rebellion 1497 but his forces were crushed and he surrendered to the king
Henry allowed him to stay at court but then put him in the Tower of London after he tried to abscond and he was then executed after being accused of trying to escape with the Earl of Warwick which also enabled Henry to get rid of the Earl of Warwick who was potentially the most obvious Yorkist claimant to the throne
The Cornish Rebellion 1497
Need for revenue to finance the campaign against Scotland
Greater threat than the Yorkshire rebellion
15,000 involved
Attempt to exploit rebellion made by Perkin Warbeck
The rebels marched on London and were only stopped at Blackheath which was alarming as they marched a long way before any serious attempt was made to stop them.
Crushed easily by Lord Daubeney and the rebel leaders such as Lord Audley were executed but he was lenient with most of the rebels
Shocked Henry into ensuring that Anglo-Scottish tensions were ended and made him cautious about entering into any foreign conflict
The Yorkshire Rebellion 1489
Resentment of the taxation granted by Parliament in 1489 to finance the involvement of English forces in the campaign of Brittany
Rebels (his tenants) murdered the Earl of Northumberland outside Topcliffe near Thirsk in the North Riding of Yorkshire in April. Northumberland's retainers allowed the tenants to do so by deserting him as punishment for his own desertion of Richard III at Bosworth.