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Sport Science - Gas exchange and the Heart (Definitions (Cardiac Output:…
Sport Science - Gas exchange and the Heart
Spiro-meter Trace
Two Phases - Heart
Distole: Chamber relaxes, fills with blood.
Systole: Chamber contracts, ejecting the blood within it.
Key facts
Only Veins have Valves
Artery Away
Veins have Valves
Capillaries is where gas exchange occurs.
Arterys
Narrow central tube (lumen)
High pressure
Have thick outer walls
Veins
Wide central tube (lumen)
Low pressure
Thin outer wall - valves
Capillaries
Only one cell thick for easy diffusion
Low pressure
Heart
What happens when exercising
When exercising blood in the digestive system isn't needed so the blood from there goes to places its needed.
Example: Bicep curl, blood goes to arms.
Definition
VASCULAR SHUNT: Re-distribution of blood to muscles whilst exercising.
Vasoconstriction: Blood vessels are constricted to make them smaller. Capillaries closer to surface to release heat.
Vasodilation: Blood vessels are dilated to make them bigger. Capillaries get closer to surface to release heat. Veins get bigger.
Definitions
Cardiac Output: The amount of blood leaving the heart per minute.
Cardiac Output: SV X HR = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
Stroke Volume: The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each beat.
Anticipatory Rise: A rise in the HR prior to exercise
Heart Rate: Number of heart beats per minute.
Max HR = 220 - age
Immediate effects of exercise
HR increases: The blood needs to deliver more oxygen quicker.
BR increase: More oxygen needed in muscles to release energy.
Adrenaline Released: This causes HR to increase.
Body Temp rises: Our muscles generate heat when rate of respiration increases.
Sweating: As body temp increases, sweat evaporators on our skin to cool down.
