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5.5 (1 to 5) NETWORK AND END-POINT SECURITY & ENTERPRISE NETWORK…

- - - - Understanding the solution’s function and its application to the underlying infrastructure requires knowledge of the infrastructure itself and the protocols in use.
- - - - SYMMETRIC COMMUNICATION LINES connecting two locations
      - side of the line is permanently connected to the other
      - can be used for telephone, data or Internet services
    - - does not permanently connect two locations
      - be set up on demand, based on the addressing method
      - two main types
        of switching mechanisms
        
        circuit switching
        
        used over the telephone network (plain old telephone service [POTS], integrated services digital network [ISDN]).
        
        allow data connections that can be initiated when needed and terminated when communication is complete.
        
        When a router has data for a remote site, the switched circuit is initiated with the circuit number of the remote network.
        
        Packet switching
        
        a technology in which users share common carrier resources.
        
        allows the carrier to make more efficient use of its infrastructure, the cost to the customer is generally much lower than with leased lines.
        
        packet switching setup, networks have connections into the carrier’s network, and many customers share the carrier’s network
        
        carrier can then create virtual circuits between customers’ sites by which packets of data are delivered from one to the other through the network
  - - - signals are directly injected on the communication link
        (no modulation or shift in the range of frequencies of the signal).
    - - Different carrier frequencies defined within the available band can carry analog signals, such as those generated by image processors or a data modem
        
        Interference is avoided by separating adjacent carrier frequencies with a gap that depends on the band requirements of the carried signals.
        
        condition when simultaneous data or control transmission/reception takes place between two stations is called a fullduplex connection.
- - - - Telecommunications is the electronic transmission of data, sound and images between connected end systems (two or more computers acting as sender and receiver).
        
        process is enabled by a communications subsystem,
        
        and network devices, such as bridges, switches and routers, to connect computers residing on different networks.
        
        such as a network interface card that interfaces each end user’s computer to a common transmission medium,
  - - - a microcomputer network used for communications among computer devices (including telephones, tablets, printers, cameras, scanners, etc.)
        
        being used by an
        individual person.
        
        used for communication among the personal devices themselves or to connect to a higher-level network and the Internet
        
        PANs may be wired with computer buses, such as USB.
        
        Wireless PANs (WPANs) can be set up using network technologies, such as infrared data association (IrDA) and Bluetooth (piconet havinh min. range of 32.8 ft max 328 ft)
    - - computer networks that cover a limited area, such as a
        home, office or campus
        
        LANs are higher data transfer
        rates and smaller geographic range
        
        Ethernet and Wi-Fi (WLANs) are the
        two most common technologies currently used.
    - - SANs are a variation of LANs and are dedicated to connecting storage devices to servers and other computing devices.
        
        SANs centralize the process for the storage and administration of data.
    - - are computer networks that cover
        a broad area, such as a city, region, nation or an international link
        
        Internet is the largest example of a WAN.
        
        WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations.
    - - MANs are WANs that are
        limited to a city or region;
        
        MANs are characterized by higher data
        transfer rates than WANs.
- - - - enacted and operated through the basic system software of the various network devices that are capable of supporting the individual network services.
  - - - Directory services also help network administrators manage user access to network resources.
  - - - Network management provides detailed information about the status of all components in the network,
        
        line status
        
        active terminals
        
        length of message queues
        
        error rate on a line
        
        traffic over a line
  - - - default gateway
      - subnet mask
      - IP addresses of domain name systems
- - - - Occurs when connecting various systems to support communication among disparate technologies
        
        different sites may use different types of media
        
        where that may operate at differing speeds
    - - Means end users have continuous, reliable and secure service (24/7 access)
    - - Needed for network scalability **
        
        to accommodate network expansion
        
        and requirements for new applications and services
    - - Means an organization provides centralized support and troubleshooting over heterogeneous, but highly integrated systems