Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
MME, The Evolution of the Middle Eastern Political System in a Historical…
MME, The Evolution of the Middle Eastern Political System in a Historical Perspective
-
KEY EVENTS
Treaty of Sévres 1920
Post World War I pact between the victorious allied powers and representatives of the government of Ottoman Turkey
The treaty abolished the Ottoman Empire and obliged Turkey to renounce all rights over Arab Asia and North Africa
-
-
-
-
-
POST-INDEPENDENCE
-
IRAQ
-
-
-
-
Most assertive mandate, after-independence, to influence affairs of 'Fertile Crescent' - Syria, Lebanon, Palestine
-
-
SYRIA & LEBANON
-
-
Amir Faisal, became de facto ruler of Syria after Ottoman retreat from Damascus in 1918
-
PALESTINE AND ISRAEL
-
ZIONISM
-
A Western political ideology who believed that Jewish people had the right to a state in the Middle East, holy lands
-
PALESTINE
-
'there was no mechanism for Britain to establish a Jewish National Home without disadvantage to rights of the indigenous Palestinian Arabs.' - ROGAN
-
-
1939 - Programme of reduced Jewish immigration and promise of independence in a decade. White paper rejected by zionists in same year
1947 - Britain referred Palestine problem to UN - TWO-STATE SOLUTION. leading to first Arab-Israeli war
-
SUMMARY
Britain ans France, Dominant Western Powers
Education created secular, pro-western elites
-
-
-
HISTORIOGRAPHY
Fred Halliday
Halliday speaks about the fact that through the creation of the modern states of the middle east as a result of the mandates, means that a broader Arab-unity "had not been Achieved"
"Separate states, once created, have little intention of surrendering their power"
-
Halliday tries to take a different approach to previous historians. He recognises that the conflicts and separation of states in the middle east after 1918 can not just be as a result of external factors, but also internal and how far both internal and external factors went to shape and achieved the shaping of the modern Middle East
Eugene L. Rogan
"Essential attributes of independent statehood: Juridicial equality with other states and absolute sovereignty"
-
BRITAIN
-
-
"After 1919-- the British sought to normalise relations with Egypt in such a way as to preserve their strategic interests while giving the semblance of independence " - Rogan
USA
President Wilson, after WWI, played a role in the establishment of the League of Nations
Hence trusteeship system under which Britain and France took control of former Arab territories of Ottoman Empire
USA had, prior to WWII, no significant political or military interests in the region
-
-
PAN-ARAB
The Hashemites envisioned an Arab Kingdom combining the Arabian Peninsula, Greater Syria, and Iraq
-
'By the time independence was achieved after the Second World War, the newly formed Arab states were hardly better integrated to the prevailing system of international diplomacy than they had been at the end of the First World War' - ROGAN