Cells of the Innate Immune System (Leukocytes)
Catherine-Mast Cells
Jameela - Eosinophil
Aidan-Basophils
Perry-Monocytes
Atalia-Neutrophil
Emma-Macrophages
Matilda-Dendritic Cells
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phagocytes
releases Histamines, which contributes to inflammation and therefore blood vessel dilation
Definition: A cell filled with basophil granules, found in numbers in connective tissue and releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that helps heal damaged tissues and resolve infections. Neutrophil blood levels increase naturally in response to infections, injuries, and other types of stress. They may decrease in response to severe or chronic infections, drug treatments, and genetic conditions.
Function
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells. Monocytes are formed in the bone marrow and are released into peripheral blood, where they circulate for several days.
Mast cells are involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, immune tolerance, defence against pathogens, and blood–brain barrier function.
Mast cells cause allergic symptoms by releasing products called “mediators” stored inside them or made by them
A type of white blood cell that is responsible for engulfing and digesting foreign matter in the body, as well as damaged cells or the remnants of apoptosis.
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antigen-presenting cell
They can be activated by other substances, such as medications, infections, insect or reptile venom.
have many grooves that increase surface are and permit contact with large number of nearby cells
Mast cells originate from the bone marrow where they develop from the hematopoietic stem cells
Phagocytosis) Have the ability to locate and 'eat' unwanted particles, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Release of cytokines) When exposed to inflammatory stimuli, they secrete cytokines
Antigen presentation) Mediate the cellular immune response by presenting antigens for recognition by T cells.
main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system
Third line of defence
They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems
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Macrophages have MHC class II markers, which present foreign substances to the adaptive immune system
Pirate ships in your body fight allergies. Pirate ships can't move without their masts
When there is an infection or another source of inflammation in the body, special chemicals alert mature neutrophils, which then leave the bone marrow and travel through the bloodstream to the site in need.
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Neutrophils address foreign invaders by "eating them" a process referred to as phagocytosis, or by taking them up into the cell in a process called endocytosis. Once the foreign organism is inside the neutrophil, it is "treated" with enzymes which result in the destruction of the organism. Neutrophils also help regulate the immune response in general.
white blood cells from the bone marrow that keep the immune system functioning correctly.
Function: They serve three main functions in the immune system. These are phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine production.
Basophils contain anticoagulant heparin, which prevents blood from clotting too quickly.They also contain the vasodilator histamine, which promotes blood flow to tissues.
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Kills multicellular organisms (specifically bacteria and helminths/worms), has a role in allergy and stopping cancers
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Eosinophils are found in high numbers in parasitic infections
The body produces neutrophils in the bone marrow, and they account for 55–70 percent of all white blood cells in the bloodstream. A normal overall white blood cell level in the bloodstream for an adult is somewhere between 4,500 and 11,000 per millimeters cubed (mm3).
Antigen Presentation:
Cytokine Production
Phagocytosis: Monocytes can perform phagocytosis using intermediary (opsonising) proteins such as antibodies or complement that coat the pathogen, as well as by binding to the microbe directly via pattern-recognition receptors that recognise pathogens. Monocytes are also capable of killing infected host cells
not a phagocyte. instead they degranulate to perform their immune function
Neutrophils help prevent infections by blocking, disabling, digesting, or warding off invading particles and microorganisms. They also communicate with other cells to help them repair cells and mount a proper immune response.
they are a type of disease fighting white blood cell.
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unlike some other cells or blood components, neutrophils can travel through junctions in the cells that line blood vessel walls and enter into tissues directly.
Function: antigen presentation, release cytokines and cytotoxic chemicals, have a limited role in phagocytosis.
When a pathogen invades the body, it is engulfed by macrophages. They then present the antigenic fragments on the surface. This macrophage becomes an antigen-presenting cell to helper T cells.
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Appear red after stained with Haemotoxylin and Eosin stain in a blood sample
Having an abnormally high level of neutrophils in the blood is known as neutrophilic leukocytosis, also known as neutrophilia.
Rises in neutrophil levels usually occur naturally due to infections or injuries. However, neutrophil blood levels may also increase in response to:
some medications, such as corticosteroids, beta-2-agonists, and epinephrine
some cancers
physical or emotional stress
surgery or accidents
smoking tobacco
pregnancy
obesity
genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome
surgical removal of the spleen
Release many different types of interleukins, which are essential for inflammation, upon binding to pathogen.
Also releases Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha, when bound to a cancerous cell
Basophils do not ingest foreign cells. They contain granules filled with histamine, a substance involved in allergic reactions.
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An abnormally low blood level of neutrophils is a condition called neutropenia.
A drop in neutrophil blood levels typically occurs when the body uses immune cells faster than it produces them or the bone marrow is not producing them correctly.
An enlarged spleen may also cause a decrease in neutrophil levels because the spleen traps and destroys neutrophils and other blood cells.
Some conditions and procedures that cause the body to use neutrophils too quickly include:
severe or chronic bacterial infections
allergic disorders
certain drug treatments
autoimmune disorders
have 2 types: lymphoid and myeloid
located in the skin , mucosa and lymphoid tissues