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Hydrocarbons in crude oil and natural gas (Hydrocarbons are compounds that…
Hydrocarbons in crude oil and natural gas
Hydrocarbons
are compounds that contain HYDROGEN and CARBON ONLY!
They can be shaped in chains or rings
Crude oil
is a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons
Substances made from crude oil e.g. polyethene.
Virtually everything is made from oil derivatives.
4 key points about crude oil
complex mixture of hydrocarbons
carbon atoms can be in chains or rings
important source for fuel and feedstock in petrochemcial industry
finite resource - a useful resource that cannot be replaced quickly enough to keep up with consumption
3 examples of non-renewable resources
Diesel
Petrol
Kerosene
Crude oil
Methane is a non-renewable fuel which comes from natural gas
Fractional Distillation of crude oil
Crude oil is heated to 360°C and vapourises.
The vapours pass into the column.
The column is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top.
The vapours cool and condense at different temperatures.
Long chain hyrdrocarbons condense near the bottom.
Short chain hydrocarbons condense near the top.
L
ittle
P
eople
K
ill
D
ogs
F
or
B
ones
Order of fractions and their uses
L
PG: domestic heating and cooking
P
etrol: fuel for cars
K
erosene: fuel for aircraft
D
iesel Oil: fuel for some cars and trains
F
uel Oil: fuel fro large ships and power stations
B
itumen: surfacing roads and roofs
Properties of the different fractions
Shorter
chains at the
top
,
longer
chains at the
bottom
.
The
boiling point decreases
as you go
up
the column.
The
ease of ignition increases
as you go
up
the column.
The
viscosity decreases
as you go
up
the column.