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Biodiversity - 4.2 (Conservation in situ - active management to maintain…
Biodiversity - 4.2
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Conservation ex situ - means conserving an endangered species by activities outside of its natural habitat
Zoos - originally zoos where a place for observation, however, now they are known as wildlife parks and are vital in the conservation of endangered species. For example, captive breeding.
Advantages - the organisms are protected from predation and poaching. Health of the individuals can be monitored. Genetic diversity of the population can be measured. Research can be conducted to further protect and rebuild the species population
Disadvantages - limited genetic diversity in a captive population. Animals can be exposed to a wide range of diseases. Organisms are living outside their natural habitat. Reintroduction can be challenging after being in captivity.
Botanical gardens - conservation of plants within a controlled environment. Seed storage can preserve biodiversity. Captive-bred individuals can be replanted in the wild.
Seed banks store seeds that are viable to ensure they can be restored if the population of a certain plant becomes endangered. In order to prolong them, they are stored at low temperature and in very dry conditions using a dehumidifier.
Biodiversity - a measure of all the different plant, animal, fungus and other microorganism species worldwide, the genes they contain and the ecosystems which they form.
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Species Biodiversity - A species consists of individual organisms that are very similar in anatomy, appearance, physiology, biochemistry and genetics. The range of organisms found in a habitat contribute to the species diversity.
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Calculating biodiversity
when estimating biodiversity, species richness is considered which is the number of species within a habitat. To make an accurate estimate species evenness must be accounted for.
Simpson's index of diversity - a measure off diversity of a habitat. It accounts for richness and evenness within a habitat. D = 1- [sumof(n/N)^2], where n is the number of individuals in a species and N is the number of all species observed
Measuring genetic diversity - it is found when there is more than one allele for a particular locus. This will lead to variation between individuals in a habitat.
Calculated by the number loci in individual that are heterozygous. A better alternative is to calculate the percentage population with polymorphic gene loci. Proportion = numb er of polymorphic gene loci/total loci
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Economic reasons: the economic value of the ecosystems is vital to the survival of humans. for example, the regulation of the atmosphere and climate. All the environmental factors affect food production and this could threaten the survival of humans with the current rate of population increase.
Aesthetic reasons: Joy and wellbeing is aided by the natural beauty of some ecosystems and habitats. These aesthetic reasons also have functions, such as large amounts of leaf coverage in the rainforest to intercept the large amounts of rainwater and prevent/reduce soil erosion by surface runoff.