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Intestines (Small Intestines (Jejunum (2/5) (Begins at the duodenojejunal…

- - - - Permanent and cannot be flattened out
    - - Loops in the mesentery
  - - - Runs upwards and backwards at L1 Level
      - First 2cm is the ampulla (duodenal cap)
        
        Smooth wall
        
        Has mesentery
        
        Dilated
      - Distal 3cm has no mesentery and immobile
    - - Runs along right sides of L2 and L3
        
        Curves around the head of pancreas
      - CBD and MPD unite to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater
        
        which then opens as major duodenal papilla on the medial wall
    - - Runs horizontally to left on the subcostal plane
      - Anterior to the ivc and aorta
      - Posterior to superior mesenteric artery and vein at L3 level
    - - Ascend to the left of aorta at level of L2
      - Joins jejunum at duodenojejunal junction
        
        Supported by ligament of Treitz
- - - - Plicae circulares with microvilli
    - - Independent of peristalsis
    - - Meissner plexus
    - - Aurbach plexus
    - - Depend on presence of peritoneal lining
  - - - Levator ani
      - External anal sphincter
        
        Parts
        
        Deep
        
        Middle
        
        Subcutaneous
        
        Voluntary
      - Internal anal sphincter
        
        Involuntary
        
        Interior
        
        Anal Sinuses
        
        Pecten
        
        Intersphincteric groove
        
        Pectinate line
        
        Anal valves
        
        Anal Colums
  - - - Transverse
        
        Transverse mesocolon
        
        Greater omentum
      - Descending
        
        Left colic flexure to left ilical fossa
      - Sigmoid
        
        Child
        
        Abdominal viscus
        
        Adult
        
        Pelvic viscus
      - Ascending
        
        Appendices epicloicae
    - - Folds
        
        Transverse rectal folds (Left: 2, Right: 1)
      - Flexures
        
        Superior: Left
        
        Middle: Right
        
        Inferior: Left
      - Function: Maintain faecal material
      - Peritoneal coverings
        
        Male: Rectovesical pouch
        
        Female: Rectouterine pouch
        
        Pararectal fossae allows for distension as it fills with faeces
      - Ampulla
        
        Function: Receives and holds faecal mass