Analyse how the neural factors which regulate the cardiac and respiratory systems affect an endurance performer.[8 marks]
A01
Autonomic Nervous System
Proprioceptors
Baroreceptors
Thermoreceptors
sympathetic nervous system
Chemoreceptors
A02
Increase firing rate / stimulate / SA node/ increasing heart rate / cardiac output
Impulses / information sent to respiratory control centre medulla
Via cardiac / accelerator nerve
Increased stimulation / force of contraction of diaphragm / external intercostals
Impulses / information sent to cardiac control centre / medulla oblongata
Via phrenic nerve
Recruitment / stimulation of additional (inspiratory) muscles e.g. sternocleidomastoid / scalenes / pectoralis minor
Ribs move up and out further / volume of thoracic cavity increases / pressure inside thoracic cavity decreases / more air enters / increases depth of breathing
Expiration becomes active / recruitment / stimulation expiratory muscles / internal intercostals / rectus abdominus / abdominals
Increases minute ventilation / tidal volume
A03
Increased tidal volume / minute ventilation means more oxygen inspired or breathed in
Hence increase in aerobic respiration
Increased heart rate / cardiac output means more oxygen / blood to working muscles
Performer be able to work for longer / at higher intensity / greater endurance capacity
Endurance performer relies on supply of oxygen to working muscles / aerobic respiration / aerobic system
Less build up of lactic acid e.g. run or cycle or swim faster
Delayed / increased lactate threshold or OBLA