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How Significant were the Problems faced by Outremer in the years 1185-1204?
How Significant were the Problems faced by Outremer in the years 1185-1204?
Muslim Unity
Crushing defeat at Hattin and after
Role of Jihad
Saladin's Empire- Quadrilateral of Power
BUT, after 1193, empire cracks- internal divisions
Factionalism
Guy vs Conrad
Hospitallers vs Templars
Guy vs Raymond
BUT, 1192-97- Henry of Champagne
Aimery of Lusignan
Manpower/Territory
BUT, 3x big Crusades (3rd, German, 4th)
3rd Crusade gains land e.g. Cyprus
Only left with Tyre/Tripoli/bits of Antioch
4th Crusade gains Constantinople- Latin Empire
Long-term problem exacerbated by events of 1187 (Cresson)
Unreliable Outside Help
German Crusade- 'damp squib'
4th Crusade- distracted- very little help- role of the Venetians