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Eukaryotic Microorganisms (Protist (STRAMENOPILES (Diatoms (Over 100,000…

- - - - two nuclei of equal size
      - Have mitosomes
      - Cause of giardiasis, a common waterborne disease
  - - - Contain a parabasal body
      - Lack mitochondria, but have hydrogenosomesfor anaerobic metabolism
      - Genomes lack introns
      - Parasites, causing Trichomoniasis
  - - - Key genera:Trypanosoma
      - Characteristic
        
        presence of the kinetoplast, a mass of DNA present in their single large mitochondrion
        
        Live in aquatic habitats feeding on bacteria
        
        Example, Trypanosoma brucei causes African sleeping sickness
    - - Key genera: Euglena
      - Characteristics
        
        Nonpathogenic and phototrophic
        
        Contain chloroplasts; can exist as heterotrophs
        
        feed on bacteria by phagocytosis
    - - Unicellular flagellated eukaryotes – Have a crystalline rod in their flagella
  - - - presence of alveoli, which are sacs underneath the cytoplasmic membrane
      - May function to help cells maintain osmotic balance
    - - Possess cilia and use cilia for motility and to obtain food
      - Have two nuclei (macronucleus and micronucleus) and during conjugation, two paramecia exchange micronuclei
      - Some ciliates are animal parasite
      - Key Genera: Paramecium
    - - Diverse marine and fresh water phototrophic organisms
      - Have two flagella with different insertion points on the cell
      - Some are free-living, and others live symbiotically with coral
      - Pfiesteria piscicida is a genus of toxic dinoflagellate responsible for massive fish kills and human poisoning- PSP
      - Dense suspensions of these cells are called red tides
    - - Contain apicoplasts- Degenerate chloroplasts that lack pigments and phototrophic capacity
      - Obligate parasites of animals
      - Cause severe diseases such as malaria, toxoplasmosis,and coccidiosis
  - - - have many short,hairlike extensions
      - Chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic members
    - - Over 100,000 species of diatoms
      - Fresh water and marine habitats
      - Cell walls are made of silica and are called frustules
      - Exhibit radial and pinnate symmetry
      - Appeared on Earth about 200 million years ago
    - - Called water molds based on their filamentous growth and the presence of coenocytichyphae
      - Cell walls are made of cellulose, not chitin as in fungi
      - Phytophthora infestans causes the late blight disease in potatoes and contributed to the Irish potatofamine
      - Lacking septa in hyphae
    - - Also called chrysophytes
      - Most are unicellular and some are colonial
      - Golden algae are named because of their golden brown color - Chloroplast pigments dominated by fucoxanthin
    - - Marine and freshwater
      - Unicellular or colonial the predominant cell walls composed of cellulose, fucoxanthin and tannin
  - - - Phototrophic amoeba-like organism that has a flagellum for dispersal
    - - Exclusively marine organisms
      - They form shell-like structures called tests
        
        Tests are made from organic materials reinforced with calcium carbonate
        
        White Cliffs of Dover are formed from fossilized for aminifera test
  - - - Free-living; inhabit soil and aquatic environments
      - Move by amoeboid movement (cytoplasmic streaming)
    - - Parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates
    - - Characteristics
        
        Motile; can move across surfaces rapidly
        
        Previously grouped with fungi because they have similar life cycle
      - Plasmodial slime molds
        
        Have vegetative forms that are masses of protoplasm of indefinite size and shape (plasmodium
      - Cellular slime molds
        
        Vegetative forms composed of single amoeba
        
        Aggregate as a pseudoplasmodium
        
        Fruiting body is formed