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Cumulative Test - Murphy (U.K (Vocab (Noblesse Oblige: a tradition in…
Cumulative Test - Murphy
Overview
Vocab
Government: a body that runs a state, nation, or community and usually has influence in policy or law
Constitution: establishes principles that set up the structure in a government, state, or nation
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1st World: countries aligned with the U.S after WWII, with more or less common political and economic interests
Examples: North America, Western Europe, Japan and Australia
2nd World: refers to the former communist-socialist, industrial states
Examples: Russia, Eastern Europe and some of the Turk States as well as China
3rd World: countries that aren't as technologically advanced or financially advanced as other countries
Examples: developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Globalization: the process of increasing global integration and interdependence; growing of economic and cultural ideas
Hurts local markets because people will rely on bigger companies for resources rather than local companies
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Cons: creates competition, trade imbalances, and inflation
Multinational Corporations: company or corporations set up in more than 1 country and profits on an international level
Types of Government
Federal System: has layers and divides power with a state and local government who answer to the federal government
Unitary System: has a central and powerful supreme organization which holds the authority over local governments
Asymmetric Federalism: found in a federation where different constituent states hold different powers and levels of powers than others
Illiberal Democracy: system where a country shows factors and signs of a democracy but lacks certain aspects to fully make them a democracy (Russia)
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Semi-Presidential System: a system where a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet (Russia)
Head(s)
Head of State: the chief public representative of a country, such as a president or monarch
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Head of Government: the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet
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U.K
Vocab
Noblesse Oblige: a tradition in British politics duty of the upper class to take responsibility for the welfare of the lower class
Insularity: isolation, in particular from the continent of Europe
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Gradualism: gradual change that happens with in a society, slow but continuous process
Parties
Labour
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Emphasizes greater state intervention, social justice and strengthening workers' rights
Conservatives (In Power)
Promotion of private property and enterprise, the maintenance of a strong military, and the preservation of traditional cultural values and institutions
Houses
House of Commons: 650 members/has all power/not appointed for life/elected/checks work of the government
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Events
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Collectivist Consensus: WWII - method to put aside class difference and work together to beat Germany
Russia
Vocab
Commanding Heights: the current and existing private industry essentials of the economy like oil and steel
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Perestroika: economic reform, transfer of economic powers from government to private hands/market economy
Shock Therapy: the sudden release of price and currency controls, withdrawal of state subsidies and immediate trade liberalization
Communism: political theory advocating class was and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid by their abilities
Socialism: political theory where production, distribution, and exchange should be owned and regulated by the community
People
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Stalin: established communism and a leader after Lenin during the Bolshevik Revolution a.k.a the Russian Revolution
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System
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Illiberal Democracy: contains aspects of a democracy like open elections, but lacks certain aspects that make it a true democracy like unfair elections (a.k.a hybrid regime)
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Iran
People
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Guardian Council: vote legislation/12 members (male)/appointed by supreme leader and head of judiciary
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System
Theocracy Republic: religious form of government with democratic elements - been around for a longer time and has a strong foundation
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Relations
United States supported close relationships with Iran while it was under the leadership fo Muhammad Reza Shah: because it supported westernization and oil industry
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Vocab
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Rentier State: a state that derives a substantial portion of its revenue on a regular basis from payments by foreign concerns in the form of rent