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The problem of untranslatability. (два підходи західний і східний)…

- - - - "In linguistic untranslatability the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact formal features of the language of the SL text.
        If the TL has no formally corresponding feature, the text, or the item, is (relatively) untranslatable."
        So, for example, the English "
        There is an apple on the table" is linguistically untranslatable, because involves structure that does not exist in Ukrainian. Yet the sentence can be adequately translated into Ukrainian once the rules of Ukrainian structure are applied. A translator would unhesitatingly render the sentence as „На столі яблуко”, restructuring the English word order to conform to English norms.
    - - For cultural untranslatability, "What appears to be a quite different problem arises, however, when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the SL text, is completely absent in the culture of which the TL is a part."
        To talk of 'cultural untranslatability' may be just another way of talking about collocation untranslatability: the impossibility of finding an equivalent collocation in the TL", and "This would be a type of linguistic untranslatability".
        
        For example: the English word democracy is an internationally used term and can be translated into most European languages.
        The problem here is that the reader will have a concept of the term based on his or her own cultural context, and will apply that particularized view accordingly. Hence the difference between the adjective democratic as it appears in the following three phrases is fundamental to three totally different political concepts:
        the American Democratic Party
        the German Democratic Republic
        the democratic wing of the British Conservative Party.
        So although the term is international, its usage in different contexts shows that there is no longer (if indeed there ever was) any common ground from which to select relevant situational features.
- - - - Article about untranslatability
      - The term untranslatable is most often used to refer to lexical gaps or cultural gaps. BUT WE HAVE METHODS TO REPRODUCE IT adaptation, borrowing, calque, loanwords, compensation, paraphrase, translator’s notes, .
        
        Language is a cultural phenomenon, loss is ever present in translation.
        Some connotations are bound to elude target-language readers who are unfamiliar with the cultural context behind them, or don’t associate them with the same emotion as source-language readers—even when a text is deemed translatable.
        Translator as mediator maz understand what is the cultural phenomnon about but is not able to express it in translation.
        
        EXAMPLE ABOUT MARKETING
        **Example of marketing translation gone wrong to illustrate that particular dilemma. We’ve all heard of the Braniff Airlines’ “Fly in Leather” campaign that sought to highlight the airline’s luxury leather seats, but was a fiasco in some parts of Latin America, where the slogan
        “Vuela en cuero” was interpreted as fly naked**
        
        Bible is another case of text that a translator might refer to as untranslatable one that is so unintelligible (незрозумілий) or inarticulate that the translator cannot commit to a translation. At least not without first attaining a reasonable degree of certainty about its meaning as it was intended originally. Bible translators know this dilemma well, as religious texts are fertile grounds for impenetrable copy
        
        Untranslatability may masquerade as a paradox. However, it is, more than anything else, a relative notion linked to the very definition of translation/translatability, and the extent to which text and meaning can be exported across languages satisfactorily—if ever.