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Demography (Ageing Population (Impact of an ageing population (increased…
Demography
Ageing Population
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Phillipson (Marxist)
The old are of no use to capitalism because they are no longer productive and an economically dependant group, adding to the dependancy ratio
Hunt (Postmodernist)
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As a result of this, the elderly become a market for body maintenance and rejuvenation services and goods, e.g. cosmetic surgery, gym memberships and anti-ageing products
Births
Trends
A long-term decline in birth rate. However, there were three 'baby booms' after WW1, WW2 and during the 1960s
Reasons for the decline
Changes in the position of women- Increased educational opportunities, more women in paid work, change in attitude towards family life and the women's role, wider access to abortion and contraception
Fall in infant mortality rate- Improved housing, sanitation, nutrition, knowledge of hygiene and child health, improved technology, antibiotics
Children as an economic liability- Laws banning child labour coupled with the introduction of compulsory schooling has meant children remain economically dependant for longer, changing Normas about children's rights to a standard of living raises their cost
Child centeredness- Childhood is now socially constructed and uniquely important period of life, parents focus on quality not quantity, meaning they have fewer children but put more attention and recourses into them
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Deaths
Trends
Decline, with the exception of fluctuations in WW1, WW2 and the 1918 flu epidemic
Reasons for the decline
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medical improvements (vaccinations, antibiotics, NHS)
Public health improvements (better housing, clean water, clean air)
Social change (decline in manual labour, greater knowledge of disease)