A company’s value chain affects, and is affected by, societal issues such as natural resource and water use, working conditions etc (Kramer, 2011, pp. 68-71). And shared value opportunities arise because societal problems can create economic costs in the value chain (Kramer, 2011, pp. 68-71). This means that companies can benefit from shared value by improving, for example, working conditions or reducing the amount of natural resources they use. This helps to reduce costs, become more competitive and create social value
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