Cold_War_Saetia_Kuehn

Rivalry, Mistrust, and Accord

Breakdown of alliances (1943-1949)

Idealogies

Leaders & Nations

Communism

Maoism

Capitalism

The United States at this time was fiercely against the ideals of communism and wanted to stop its spread in Europe

The Soviet Union during this time was gathering much of the East and Central European nations as Satellite States to which they justified with the massive amount of casualties in the war. in which they disrupt elections to make them favor of communist leaders much to the other nations disapproval.

Fear and aggression

Soviet Union

US

Feared the growing spread of communism so in turn became more aggressive in terms of policy as shown by the agrrement for containment but also the fear of the soviets obtaining nuclear warheads.

With their crippled military and the necessity for more rescources they needed to find a sense of safety.
Also worth noting was they wanted to cripple German economy

Kennedy vs. Kruschev

Kennedy

Khrushchev

Khrushchev referred to the U-2 incident to the Supreme Soviet as an act of American aggression. This incident cancelled the possibility of the 2 superpowers meeting is Paris at a summit meeting or any other time soon.

Allowed for Bay of Pigs invasion because he was told that Cuban revolutionaries would aid the American troops against Castro and start a revolution against communism. However, Kennedy limited the amount of troops and aircraft which could have ultimately been the cause of the mission's failure. The Bay of Pigs invasion increased the tension between the 2 superpowers

Increased the number of military advisers in Vietnam.

Economic interists

Cuban Missile Crisis vs. 1st Berlin Crisis

Causes

Impact

Significance

Cuban Missile Crisis: Fidel Castro established a communist state in Cuba is 1959, making Cuba the first communist state in the Western hemisphere after being a capitalist trading partner with the U.S.A. For security and ideology, Castro aligned Cuba with the Soviets. After being attacked by the U.S. with the Bay of Pigs and spied on, Castro allowed the USSR to install nuclear missiles in Cuba.



Berlin Crisis: 1948-1949 The soviet union blocked supplies from Western powers going to Berlin. The U.S.A. responded to this by sending the supplies by plane with what is known as the ¨Berlin Airlift.¨

Soviets wanted to replenish their economy after 25 million people had died during the war and to also gain a sort of iron curtain to protect from further assualts

Mao during this time was beggining to step into power.

Cuba: The placement of the missiles was justified in Cuba as a defense from American aggression and in the USSR, as copying the U.S. missiles in Turkey

Berlin The West's assistance in Berlin ended in sympathy being garnered from the people of Berlin. After a year the Soviets withdraw their blockade

Roles

US

USSR

The USSR was in a precarious situacion as over 25 million people had died during the war and from this they demanded compensation. the other nations reluctantly obliged and the soviets worked on spreading communism in other states and trying to recover there economy

The US after world war were left in a very powerful role as they had access to nuclear weapons at the time and were the only country to have them they also did not suffer from economic loss in the war as hard.

Claimed that the U-2 spy jet was not a spy but was lost and accidentally flew into Soviet territory. This lie created more tension

Impact of Cold War tensions on Vietnam vs. Korea

Chinese involvement

Korea: The People´s Republic of China sent hundreds of thousands of troops, aided by the Soviet Union, to push the UN troops away from the Yalu river, near China.

Vietnam: No Chinese boots on the ground but the Chinese Communist Party provided arms, military training, and supplies to help Communist North defeat Capitalist South Vietnam

Results of the Wars

Korea was split and is to this day split between communist and capitalist because an armistice was signed between North and South Korea (they are still technically at war). The Vietnam War resulted in communist victory after U.S withdrew and South Vietnam fell to the communist-run Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1975, the current government of a united Vietnam.

In Korea, 5 million people, 10% of the pre-war population, were killed. In Vietnam. In Vietnam, 1.3 million people died.

The Vietnam War started as a Civil War across Vietnam with French involvement before U.S. involvement but the Korean War started when North Korean troops invaded South Korea. The U.N. got involved in Korea stating that the attack by North Korea was an act of Soviet aggression and expansion.

Post WW2 Decisions

After Japanese occupation in WW2, Korea was split at the 38th parallel between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. Anyone above the 38th parallel would be subject to communist dictatorship under Kim Il-sung, appointed by the Soviets, while everyone below the border would be subject to capitalist dictatorship.

The North Korean attack was a well thought out and well prepared surprise attack on the unsuspected South. The North would have pushed further south and most likely would have won the war if not for the involvement of the UN. The UN only got involved because they saw the invasion from North Korea as Soviet expansion., which goes against the American policy of containment. The Americans coined the term ¨Domino effect¨ to spread fear in America of the possibility of all of Asia falling to communism.

Khrushchev´s public global justification for allowing missiles in Cuba was that the missiles were in response to the American Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. The sneaking in of these missiles in Cuba sparked widespread fear in the U.S. in what is known here as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, the missiles gave the USSR some power/influence.

Khrushchev preferred to limit involvement of the USSR in the Vietnam War while the U.S.A. stayed on the soil and in the skies of Vietnam for almost 20 years, from 1955 to 1973. This lack of Soviet involvement resulted in less tension between the nations as the 2 nations were much less likely to encounter each other in combat with less involvement from 1 side.

Cuba: Widespread fear of nuclear war in the U.S.A exploded with missiles being placed 90 miles away from Florida.

Berlin: Soviets are shown to retreat and thus more patriotic support towards capitalism was earned.