L5 Intellectual Disabilities
(i) Define the terms: Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), Developmental Disability (DD), Intellectual Disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
(ii) Understand two different models of intelligence
(iii) explore implications for providing nursing assessment and care to individuals with an intellectual disability or developmental disorder
Developmental Disability (DD)
Impacts are in the areas of language, mobility and independence.
An umbrella term for severe conditions that impact the attainment of normal developmental milestones
Ex: Fragile X
behavioural presentation
Anxiety; Social Shyness; Hyperarousal; ADHD; Sensory Defensiveness; Aggression; Self-Abuse; Autistic-like Characteristics
Ex: Feotal Alcohol Syndrome Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
FAS, partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS), alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and alcohol-related birth defects
facial features like epicanthal folds of eye, thin vermillion, smooth philtrum
lots of symptoms
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy: a leading preventable cause of intellectual disability, developmental delay and birth defects
microcephaly, weight deficiency, facial dysmorphology, central nervous system abnormality/impairment in 3 to 8 domains
Ex: Down's Syndrome
no correlation between obviousness of DS physical attributes and cognitive or developmental delay
Sensory problems and organ/system defects
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)
an umbrella term for five psychiatric disorders manifesting as delays in attainment of developmental milestones
Childhood disintergrative disorder; Rett’s Syndrome; Autism spectrum disorders (Asperger’s Syndrome) -- A regression or loss of milestones: Language, motility and independence
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
qualitative impairment in social interaction
qualitative impairments in communication
restricted repetitive & stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests, and activities
Intellectual Disability (ID)
mental retardation, significant subaverage intellectual functioning (onset b’f 18), IQ 70 or below, concurrent impairments (incl failure to meet milestones)
Intelligence
Flynn Effect: IQ scores increased from one generation to the next --> IQ tests must be constantly restandardized
Multiple domains of intelligence
visual spatial
Body kinesthetic
Musical
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Linguistic
Logical mathematical
Learning Disorders
(LD)
Umbrella term for difficulty learning in a typical manner. Processing of information
Reading Disorder; Mathematics Disorder; Disorder of written expression; Learning Disorder Not Otherwise Specified