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Western critical thought (Aristotle (Tragedy and its causes (Tragedy (The…

- - - - Aesthetics
        
        Critical thought
- - - - Sustaining it physically
        
        Like poetry
    - - Rule it
        
        Poetry is contrary to philosophy and therefore bad for the state.
        
        only when poetry takes the form of divine hymns or praise of virtuous men should it be included in the state
    - - Defend it
    - - Artisans
        
        Appetites
      - Military
        
        Spirit
      - Philosophers
        
        Reason
        
        This exists to transcend the needs of appetites and spirit
  - - - He believed reality is made up of layers.
        
        The upper layer ids 'The Good'
        
        The lower layers are an imitation of the upper layer.
        
        The further we move away from the upper layer or the good or the reality we move towards evil. Or the more we try to imitate, the more we move away from the real truth and more evil we become. Art makes man want to imitate and is therefore bad.
      - He believed that poetry is produced from passion and emotion
        
        Passion and emotion can be good or bad
        
        Therefore it can produce pleasure as well as pain
        
        It deals with fictitious characters
        
        Which try to imitate man for example the Greek Gods
        
        Imitation is bad
- - - - Therefore, art elevates us rather than lowering us
  - - - The presentation of action
        
        the efficient cause is the playwright
        
        the final cause is the evocation of pity or fear for the purpose of purgation
- - - - He believed that text could be read literally and allegorically
        
        Allegorically
        
        Allegory corresponding to ordinary life
        
        Moral: Behavioural message
        
        Anagogic: Dealing with the external verities and glory of God
  - - - He believes in the Idea of transcendence
        
        A work of art is good if it takes over our head and makes us see things that are not there
        
        Plato was absolutely against this
        
        Characteristics of the sublime
        
        Ability to think great thoughts
        
        Ability to feel powerful emotions
        
        Poet must have a great mind and a great soul
        
        Ability to communicate the greatness
        
        Noble diction
        
        Great composition
- - - - Poetry is more important than philosophy because the latter cannot stir men into virtuous action.