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Instructional methods in Biology (Questioning (Value of questioning…
Instructional methods in Biology
The lecture
Merits of method
Time saving
Necessary additions or explanations
Used for large groups
Limited access to materials
Does not require elaborate planning
General suggestions
Perceptual background should be kept in mind
Start with a problem
Extensive preparation
Encourage questions
Talk at a normal pace
Avoid vagueness
Use visuals
Summarise continuously
Shortcomings
Easily become boring
Difficult to remember facts
Concentration time is limited
Cannot interrupt for personal explanations
Questioning
Convergent
Ask for specific information
Ask for confirmation
Value of questioning
Valuable to guide developmental thinking
Creates openness in class
Communication between participants
Divergent
Thought-provoking
Encourage creative thinking
Shortcomings
Can be too general or unclear
Pupils may dominate lesson
Diversions may arise
Question-and-answer activities
Getting responses
Address the whole; reasonable thinking time; choose one person to answer; balance low-level and high-level
Handling responses
Maintain eye contact; praise correct answers; do not interrupt; refer incorrect answers back
Framing the question
Simply worded; well defined; meaningful; relevant; thought-provoking